差异化、成本领先和价值创新

1(278)20071ResearchonFinancialandEconomicIssuesNumber1(GeneralSerialNo1278)January,2007,(,200433):,,,,,,,,,:;;;:F27213:A:10002176X(2007)0120037208,,,,,,,,,(MichaelE1Porter,1980,1985),,,,,,,,,,(),,[1-2]RE(GarethR1Jones&JohnE1Butler,1988),,,,:2006211225:(1954-),,,,©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[3](DavidBesanko,DavidDranove&MarkShanley,1995),,,,,,[4]W(W1ChanKim&ReneMauborgne,2005):,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[5],,,,[6]n,(),,,1-,,=0,,,;,,=1,,,,,:pi=a-b(qi+:nj1qj)(i,j=1,,n,ji;a0,b0),i,j,n=2,Bowley:U(q1,q2)=a(q1+q2)-12b(q21+2q1q2+q22)+m,m,pm=1[7],,:p1=a-b(q1+q2),p2=a-b(q1+q2),ab,0112c1c2,c1a,c2aBowley,1:1=[a-c1-b(q1+q2)]q11q11:8320071278Bowley,,,1()1,:,2003:50-59©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=a-c1b,2:q1+2q2=a-c2b11c1=c2=c,(1),=1,Bertrand,,p1=p2=cq1=q2=a-c2b1=2=0,(2),01,Bertrand,,:q1=q2=12+a-c2b,:p1=p2=c+a-c2+:1=2=1b(a-c2+)2,9q1/90,9q2/90,9p1/90,9p2/90,91/90,9,/90,,,a-c2+,1b(a-c2+)2,21c1c2,(1),=1,1c2-(),p1=c2-q1=a+-c2b1=a+-c2b(c2-c1-)(2),01,:q1=12+a-c1b=(c2-c1)b(4-2)q2=12+a-c1b=2(c2-c1)b(4-2),:p1=c1+a-c12++(c2-c1)4-293BertrandCournot,,,,=1(),,1()1,:,2003:50-59©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=c2+a-c12++2(c2-c1)4-2:1=1b[a-c12++(c2-c1)4-2]22=1b[a-c12++2(c2-c1)4-2]2,,,,129q2/90,9p2/90,92/90,,,,,12s=a-c12++(c2-c1)4-2,q1=sb,p1=c1+s,1=s2b,9s9=4(a-c1)-(4+2)(a-c2)(4-2)2=a-c2(4-2)2{-[-2(a-c1)a-c2]2+4(a-c1)2(a-c2)2-4},=0,9s90;1,9s9,c2-c1,9s90,,,,1,,,,,2q=|q1-q2|=1b(2-)(c2-c1)p=|p1-p2|=1-2-(c2-c1)=|1-2|=2a-c1-c2b(4-2)(c2-c1)9q/90,9p/90,9/90,,,,,,,,129q/9c10,9p/9c10,9/9c10,9q/9c20,9/9c20,,,,,,;0420071278©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[8],,(PeterF1Drucker,1954),,,[9],,,,,(KenichiOhmae,1988),,,[10](2004),[11](TheodoreLevitt,1960)(MarketingMyopia),,,,,,,,,,,[12],(MichaelE1Porter,1985),(1999),,,,,,,,[13]W(W1ChanKim&ReneMauborgne,2005),,14©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,),,,,,,,,,,,,,[5]3,,,,,,3,(W1ChanKim&ReneMauborgne,2005)(PhilipKotler,2000),,,,,[14]11,,,,,,:(1),,,(2),,2420071278©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(3),,,(4),,21(1)(Penrose,1959),[15](Teece,1982),,,,,,[16],,,,,,(2)(GaryHamel&C1K1Prahalad,1995),,,,,[17],,,;,,,,:;,;,,[18],,,,,,,,,,,(3),,,[3],,[11],,,(DavidBesanko,DavidDranove&MarkShanley,1995),,,34©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:[1]Porter,MichaelE1CompetitiveStrategy:TechniquesforAnalyzingIndustriesandCompanies[M]1NewYork:FreePress,19801[2]Porter,MichaelE1CompetitiveAdvantage:CreatingandSustainingSuperiorPerformance[M]1NewYork:FreePress,19851[3]Jones,GarethR1,Butler,JohnE1Costs,Revenue,andBusiness-LevelStrategy[J]1AcademyofManagementReview,1988,13(2)1[4][],,1[M]1:,19991[5][]W,1:[M]1:,20051[6],1[J]1,2004,(9)1[7][]1()[M]1,:,20031[8]Kim,W1Chan,Mauborgne,Rene1ValueInnovation:TheStrategicLogicofHighGrowth[J]1HarvardBusinessReview,1997,75(1)1[9]Drucker,PeterF1ThePracticeofManagement[M]1NewYork:Harper&RowPress,19541[10]Ohmae,Kenichi1GettingBacktoStrategy[J]1HarvardBusinessReview,1988,66(6)1[11]1[M]1:,20041[12]Levitt,Theodore1MarketingMyopia[J]1HarvardBusinessReview,1960,38(4)1[13],1[M]1:,19991[14][]1[M]1:,20001[15]Penrose,EditT1TheTheoryoftheGrowthoftheFirm[M]1NewYork:JohnWiley,19591[16]Teece,D1TowardsanEconomicTheoryoftheMultiproductFirm[J]1JournalofEconomicBehaviorandOrganization,1982,(3)1[17]Hamel,G1,PrahaladC1K1[M]1:,19951[18],1:[J]1,2001,(3)1Differentiation,CostLeadershipandValueInnovation:AnEconomicExplanationoftheEnterpriseCompetitiveAdvantageRUIMing2jie,LIXiang(SchoolofManagement,FudanUniversity,Shanghai200433,China)Abstract:Thestrategiesofdifferentiationandcostleadershiparenotmutuallyexclusiveandcanbeachievedsimultaneouslybyanenterprisetogaincompetitiveadvantage1Inthispaper,wefirstlyapplytheproductdifferentiationmodeltodiscussthecompetitionsamongtheenterpriseswithsamecostsaswellaswithdifferentcostsandtestifythatthetwostrategiesarenotincompatible1Differentiationhelpstheenterprisesobtainmarketpower1Thedifferentiatedenterpriseswithcostadvantagecouldgainmorecompetitiveadvantageandwouldlowertheircostsfurther,whereasthosewithcostdisadvantagewouldlowertheircostsandhavestrongerdifferentiationmotivation1Thenwediscussthatvalueinnovationisthestrategiclogicforenterprisestoachievedifferentiationandlowcostsimultaneously1Finally,therisksandcountermeasuresforvalueinnovationaresuggested1Thuswegiveaneconomicexplanationoftheenterprisecompetitiveadvantage1Keywords:differentiation;costleadership;valueinnovation;competitiveadvantage(:)4420071278©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.