非谓语动词的判定、分析思路

非谓语动词的判定、分析思路及解题注意事项•一非谓语动词的判定•非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是句子中不作谓语的动词形式都是非谓语动词。英语句子有一个特点，就是一个句子只能有一个非谓语动词，因此，如果是单句有谓语动词时，其他的动词只能是非谓语动词。如果是“____，___.”这种结构的句子，其中有一部分已有谓语动词，而且句子中又无连词，那剩下的那部分就一定是非谓语动词了。•二非谓语动词的形式•一般式主动被动完成式(havedone)主动被动•todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendone-doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone•Donedonedonedone•三“_____________________.”单句型非谓语动词主要考某些特定动词的固定用法。•1不定式作宾语：vt+todo•此类动词有：wish,hope,expect,pretend,long,desire,fail,plan,arrange,prepare,learnchoose,elect,manage,want,ask,decide.,determine,help,offer,agree,demand,promise,dare,refuse…•2动名词作宾语：vt+doing•此类动词有：excuse,pardon,advise,avoid,escape,admit,imagine,fancy,risk,insiston,finish,practise,keep,enjoy,objectto,deny,dislike,suggest,mind,miss,consider,setabout,putoff,(delay),stand(bear/putupwith),giveup(getridof),include,can’thelp,prevent(prevent,stop,keepsbfrom),beworth,be/getusedto/bebusy,lookforwardto,feellike,allow,permit,forbid…•3不定式动名词作宾语意义不同，类动词有：•Remember,forget,regret,接doing表做过的事，接todo表将要做的事•Meantodo打算做某事，meandoing意味着•Goon,stop接doing表继续，停止做同一件事情，接todo表继续做别的事情，停下来，去做别的事情•Trydoing尝试做某事，trytodo努力做某事•4want,need,require接doing,tobedone均表被动•5todo做宾补的词有wish,want,warn,like,order,encourage,inspire,allow,tell,permit,forbid,urge/oblige/force,expect,know,askadvise/persuade,teach,invite,hate…•6分词作宾补要灵活，这类动词有：•See,notice,observe,find,lookat,make,let,have,hear,listento,feelsbdo/doing/done,主动省to被动加to要注意。•Leave/getsbdoing/todo/done•7beadjtodo句型;itisof/forsb.todosth.句型•8besaid/believed/supposed/reported/expected/thought/estimatedtodo/tobedone/tohavedone/tohavebeendone句型•9can’tbut/can’thelpbut/can’tchoosebutdo除此之外，用有do没to,有to没do口诀。•四“__________,____________.”这类句子，主要判断主动，被动还是目的。“，”前部分作状语，todo/doing/done都可选，注意的是被动作状语，只选done,而不选beingdone(是干扰项,beingdone在句子中只能作主语，宾语和定语)；“，”后部分作状语，表目的不能选不定式，无“，”表目的可选不定式（“onlytodo表预料外的结果”除外）。若是不定式在谓语动词前作定语，可以用不定式。若是作定语，则不能选完成式的非谓语动词。被动含义作定语有三种形式，时间概念不同，即done被动完成（表过去），beingdone正在被（表现在），tobedone将要被（表将来）。•Eg:1_________thenextmorning,Iwenttobedearlythatday.•ATogetupearlyBGettingupearlyCGotupearlyDGetupearly答案A表目的•2WaterKnowstheAnswersbyaJapaneseauthor,____into16languages,hasbecomeabest-sellerallovertheworld.•AhavingtranslatedBtobetranslatedCbeingtranslatedDtranslated•被动作定语，排除A因为是已被完成的，故选D•3______lastmonth,thebookisreadyforprinting.•ACompletedBBeingcompletedCHavingcompletedDTocomplete•选A，不是目的状语排除D，被动排除C，作状语B项是干扰项，故选A•4______tothesundoesharmtoourskin.•AExposedBBeingexposedCTobeexposedDExposing•选B,被动作主语，故选B•※“，”后用不定式的两个特例•1Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,_______itmoredifficult.•AnotmakingBnottomakeCmakingDnotmaking•选B,应为这是两个不定式并列•2SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,______reduceunemploymentpressures.•AhelpBtohavehelpedCtohelpDhavinghelped•选C，划线部分是插入语解释说明前面的数字•Anewtaxlaw,____theuseofsmallerenginesinvehiclestoreducepollutionandoildependence,isunderconsideration.•AencouragesBtoencourage•CencouragedDencourage•这题答案只能选B,不定式作目的状语如果放在谓语动词之前的话,要用逗号,如果放在后半句时,则不能逗号,再以下的句子:Togetgoodmarks,hestudiedharder.Hestudiedhardertogetgoodmarks.要是题目中有encouraging也不能选,因为这里只能表示目的状语,而现在分词是不能表示目的状语的,这个句子可以改一下:Toencouragetheuseofsmallerenginesinvehiclestoreducepollutionandoildependence,anewtaxlawisunderconsideration.•五判断主动被动的方法•1翻译•2从动词形式看，若是vt,后有宾语则是主动，无宾语则是被动；若是vi,无被动；宾语在前，及物动词在后也是被动。•六在任何情况下都不用考虑主被动的情况•1只用不定式的•totell(you)thetruthtobehonest/tobefrank/tospeakfrankly•tobegin/startwithstrangetosay/needlesstosay•tomakethings/mattersworse•tosumup/tomakethestoryshort/tobebrief•2只用v-ing的•Judgingfrom/by•Generallyspeaking/honestlyspeaking•Supposing/assuming•Talkingof/speakingof/comingto/allowingfor•Takingallthingsintoconsideration•Provided/providing两种形式均可，没有区别•七总结：非谓语动词做题思路及方法•1考虑搭配，习惯用法•2看标点，判断主动，被动还是目的•3某些词的特殊用法要记牢•4看选项，把选项归类，排除，比较•以上是本人对非谓语动词所做的分析和归纳，希望对非谓语动词还不清楚的同学会有所帮助。