跨行业竞争法建议

ProposalsforaCross-sectorCompetitionLawMay2008跨行業競爭法建議2008年5月CommerceandEconomicDevelopmentBureau商務及經濟發展局2Background背景RecommendationsoftheCompetitionPolicyReviewCommittee(CPRC)inJune2006競爭政策檢討委員會（檢討委員會）在2006年6月建議Across-sectorcompetitionlaw跨行業競爭法AnindependentCompetitionCommission獨立的競爭事務委員會WidesupportforCPRC’srecommendations社會廣泛支持檢討委員會的建議Somestakeholderconcernsabouthigherbusinesscostsandexcessivelitigation(especiallyfromSMEs)部分持分者（特別是中小企）對可能引致營商成本增加及過多訴訟表示關注3CompetitionCommission競爭事務委員會IndependentfromtheGovernment獨立於政府Investigativeandadjudicativepowers調查與審裁權力Two-tierstructure–executiveoverseenbyanappointedboard兩層架構－由委任人士組成管理局，監督行政機構InvestigationCommittee-formalseparationbetweeninvestigationandadjudication調查小組－正式把調查與審裁分開4CompetitionTribunal競爭事務審裁處FullreviewofCommissiondecisions對委員會的裁決進行全面覆檢Judicialmembers–judgesorformerjudgesappointedbytheCEontherecommendationofCJ司法成員－法官或前任法官，經終審法院首席法官推薦，由行政長官任命Non-judicialmembers–withexpertknowledgeofeconomics,commerceorcompetitionlaw非司法成員－具備經濟、商業或競爭法專業知識AppealofTribunaldecisionstoCourtofAppealonpointsoflawandpenalty可對審裁處的裁決，就法律觀點及所判懲罰向上訴法庭上訴5Conductrules行為規則Rulesapplyto“undertakings”–entitiesthatengageineconomicactivities規則適用於「企業」－從事經濟活動的實體Generalprohibitiononanti-competitiveagreementsandconcertedpractices概括禁止反競爭協議及一致行動Generalprohibitiononabuseofsubstantialmarketpower概括禁止濫用強大市場力量6Mergerrules規管合併的規則Governmentisopen-minded政府沒有既定立場Threeoptions三個選擇Light-handedapproachliketheoneundertheTelecommunicationsOrdinance與電訊條例相似的較寬鬆做法Light-handedapproach,butdelaycommencementuntilafterareviewoftheeffectofthelaw較寬鬆做法，但延遲至當局檢討法例的效果後才生效Nottoincludemergerprovisions,andreconsiderafterareviewoftheeffectofthelaw不包括規管合併的條文，並在當局檢討法例的效果後再作考慮7Remedies補救方法Civilremedies民事補救方法Finesofupto10millioncouldbeimposedbytheCommission委員會可判處最高一千萬元的罰款HigherfinesanddisqualificationfromholdingdirectorshipimposedbyTribunalonapplicationoftheCommission審裁處應委員會的申請，可判處更高罰款和取消擔任公司董事的資格Directionstobringtheinfringementtoanend發出指示，令違法行為停止Interim“ceaseanddesist”orderissuedbytheTribunalonapplicationbytheCommission審裁處應委員會的申請，可發出臨時「停止及制止」令8PrivateAction私人訴訟Allowboth“follow-on”and“stand-alone”privateactions容許「跟進」及「獨立」私人訴訟Anypersonwhohassufferedlossordamagehasstandingtocommenceanaction任何蒙受損失或損害的人士均有提出訴訟的權利Allowrepresentativeaction容許代表訴訟9AddressingSMEs’concerns消除中小企的疑慮GovernmenthasintroducedmeasurestoaddressSMEs’concerns政府已制定措施釋除中小企的疑慮AppointmentofCommissionmemberswithSMEexperience委任具中小企事務經驗的委員會成員Commissionwouldnotnormallypursueanagreementifthetotalmarketshareofthepartiesinvolvedwasbelowacertainlevel,say20%如協議各方的市場佔有率合計不超過某個水平（如20%），委員會通常不會追究有關協議PrivatecasesheardbyTribunal審裁處專責審理私人訴訟CommissionandTribunalhavethepowernottotakeupvexatiouscases委員會和審裁處有權不處理無理取鬧的個案Inoverseasjurisdictions,SMEshaveseldombeentargetoftheregulatororsubjectoflitigationbybigcompanies在海外司法管轄區，中小企很少會成為規管機構的目標，或受大公司利用訴訟騷擾10RelationshipwithSector-specificLaws與規管特定行業法例的關係Thecompetitionlawtoapplytoallsectors競爭法適用於所有行業RepealduplicatingprovisionsintheTelecommunicationsandBroadcastingOrdinances廢除電訊條例與廣播條例中與跨行業競爭法重複的條文TheTelecommunicationsAuthorityandtheBroadcastingAuthoritytosharejurisdictionwiththeCompetitionCommissionintheirrespectivesectors除競爭事務委員會外，電訊管理局及廣播事務管理局也可根據競爭法管轄其所負責行業11Exemptionsandexclusions豁免及豁除Exemptionforagreementsongroundsofeconomicbenefit基於經濟效益理由對協議給予豁免Exclusionforundertakingsongroundsofpublicinterest基於公眾利益理由對企業給予豁除Servicesofgeneraleconomicinterest符合普遍利益的經濟服務Publicpolicygrounds公共政策理由Non-applicationtotheGovernmentorstatutorybodies不適用於政府或法定機構12ThankYou多謝