SCI论文写作--方法部分

SCI论文写作——方法部分Forhypothesis-testingpapers,thefunctionoftheMaterialsandMethodssection(oftenreferredtoastheMethodssection)istotellthereaderwhatexperimentsyoudidtoanswerthequestionposedintheIntroduction.Similarly,fordescriptivestudies,theMethodssectiontellswhatexperimentsyoudidtoobtainthemessagestatedintheIntroduction.Formethodspapers,theMethodssectionhastwofunctions:itdescribesthenewmethodincompletedetailandalsotellswhatexperimentsyoudidtotestthenewmethod.Foralltypesofpaper,theMethodssectionshouldincludesufficientdetailandreferencestopermitatrainedscientisttoevaluateyourworkfullyortorepeattheexperimentsexactlyasyoudidthem.BodyweightFoodintakeSerumglucoseconcentrationIVGTTSeruminsulinconcentrationserumlipidconcentrationPancreasweightWhiteadiposedepotsweightPancreaticproteinandDNAcontentsActivityofaprimaryantioxidantenzyme,SODInsulinconcentrationsinpancreatichomogenatesInsulinsecretoryfunctionInsulinogenicindexformula:incrementofplasmainsulin(0-5min)/incrementofplasmaglucose(0-5min)(Kosaetal.,1974).InsulinresistanceHomeostasismodelassessmentformula:fastinginsulin(mU·mL-1)xfastingglucose(mM)/22.5(Matthewsetal.,1985).Neutrophilsequestration中性粒细胞分离inthepancreasMPOactivityAnti-inflammatoryandanti-fibroticeffectsofpravastatin·(TGF)-β1·(TNF)-αmRNA·CTvalueCross-sectionalareaoftheisletsProportionoffibroticareaintheisletsandexocrineglandsApoptoticcells常用动词：measure,determine,estimateuse,analyze,evaluate,calculate行为动词常用句型Thefoodintakewasdeterminedfora48hperiodbyweighingthefullfoodcups,andthenweighingthefoodcupsagain48hlater,collectingforspillagefor8days.Bloodsamplesweretakenforthedeterminationoffastingserumglucoseconcentrationevery4weeks,andforthedeterminationoffastingserumtotalcholesterol(T-cho),triglycerides(TGs),freefattyacids(FFAs)andinsulinconcentrationsevery8weeks.Aduodenalportionofthepancreaswasusedforhistologicalexamination.ForthemeasurementofpancreaticproteinandDNAcontents,thepancreaswashomogenized匀质化ina0.15Msodiumchloridesolutionusingamotor-driven,Teflon-coated有特富龙涂层的glasshomogenizer均质机.ProteinconcentrationinthepancreatichomogenatewasmeasuredusingFolinphenolreagentwithbovineserumalbuminasastandard(Lowryetal.,1951).PancreaticDNAwasmeasuredfluorometricallybythereactionbetween3,5-diaminobenzoicacidanddeoxyribosesugarusingcalfthymusDNAasastandard(LabarcaandPaigen,1980).Theactivityofaprimaryantioxidantenzyme,superoxidedismutase超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),inthepancreaswasdeterminedusingwater-solubletetrazoliumsalt(SODAssayKit-WST;DojindoMolecularTechnologies,Inc.,Kumamoto,Japan).InsulinconcentrationsinserumandpancreatichomogenatesweredeterminedbyRIAusingacommerciallyavailablekit(ShionoRIA;ShionogiPharmaceuticalCo.,Osaka,Japan)withcrystallineratinsulin(NovoIndustria,Copenhagen,Denmark)asareferencestandard.Theserumglucoseconcentrationwasdeterminedbytheglucoseoxidasemethod(BondarandMead,1974)usingacommerciallyavailablekit(Glucose-Ereagent;InternationalReagentsCo.,Kobe,Japan).SerumT-cho,TGandFFAconcentrationswereanalysedenzymaticallyusingcommerciallyavailablekits(WakoPureChemical,Tokyo,Japan).Insulinsecretoryfunctionwasevaluatedbyinsulinogenicindex,awidelyusedindexofearly-phaseinsulinresponse,calculatedusingtheformula:incrementofplasmainsulin(0-5min)/incrementofplasmaglucose(0-5min)(Kosaetal.,1974).Inaddition,insulinresistancewasestimatedbythehomeostasismodelassessmentofinsulinresistance(HOMA-R)calculatedfromthefollowingformula:fastinginsulin(mU·mL-1)fastingglucose(mM)/22.5(Matthewsetal.,1985).NeutrophilsequestrationinthepancreaswasquantifiedbymeasuringtissueMPOactivity(Bhatiaetal.,2005).Thesuspensionwassubjectedtofourcyclesoffreezingandthawing,andwasfurtherdisruptedbysonication.Toinvestigatethemechanismsoftheanti-inflammatoryandanti-fibroticactionsofpravastatin,theexpressionlevelsofatransforminggrowthfactor(TGF)-β1andtumournecrosisfactor(TNF)-αmRNAweredeterminedbyquantitativeTaqManPCRwithglyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase(GAPDH)geneasareference.ThePCRofTGF-β1,TNF-αandGAPDHwasperformedusingtheTaqManprobe,theTaqManUniversalPCRMasterMixandprimerforTGF-β1orTNF-α,aswellasTaqManrodentGAPDHcontrolreagents(AppliedBiosystems).Quantitativeevaluationsofthecross-sectionalareaoftheislets,andtheproportionoffibroticareaintheisletsandexocrineglandsofthepancreaswereperformedbyusinganAxiophotmicroscope(CarlZeiss,Eching,Germany)connectedtoaninteractiveimageanalysissystem(IBAS;CarlZeiss).Twentynon-overlappingisletswererandomlyselectedineachexperimentalgroup(n=5),andthecross-sectionalareaoftheisletswasdeterminedbyIBASatx100magnification.Forthedeterminationoftheproportionoffibroticareaintheisletsandexocrineglands,10non-overlappingfieldsand20non-overlappingisletsofAzan-Mallorystainingwererandomlyselectedineachexperimentalgroup(n=5)atax100magnification.Theareaoftotalpancreaticspecimenorcross-sectionofisletandthatofblue-stainedfibrosiswasdeterminedbyIBAS.Theproportionoffibroticareaintheisletsandexocrineglandsofthepancreaswascalculatedusingthefollowingequation:fibrosisarea/totalarea.Apoptoticcellswerequantifiedimmunohistochemicallybyanovelmonoclonalantibody