高中定语从句课件1

一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。一.定语从句的基本定义定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.定语从句例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.二.关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的作用amachinethat/which三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.whichHeistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whoseThewomenthat/whoarespeakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists.关系词判断步骤:首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which,that,whose然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,whose1.Ihaveafriend___________likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.4.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforher.2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况②当先行词为指物的不定代词all,theone,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.④当先行词是或者被形容词最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词是或者被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被theonly,just,thevery,等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。②whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld.that﹨(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew.that﹨(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.巩固练习：用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致1.Doyouknowthegirl____callsherselfMissForgetful?A.whoB.whomC.sheD./2.Hewrotethebestcomposition____weallreadjustnow.A.thatB.whichC.itD.inwhich3.Theteachercouldn’tacceptthereason____sheexplainedyesterday.A.howB.whyC.thatD.who4.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthings,of___youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those5.Thisisall___hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.howAAAAC6Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromClassTwo.7Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.8Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.9Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,thatwasoutofourexpect.10IwilldoallwhatIcantohelpyou.whomwhosewhichthat\