电力市场中运行备用的获取和定价机制综述

38120041()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(EngineeringScience)Vol.38No.1Jan.2004:2003202222.:(2000033530).:(1974-),,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]1,2,1,2,1,3,2,2,1(1.,310027;2.,;3.,):.:..:;;;;:TM732:A:10082973X(2004)0120052208SurveyonoperatingreserveprocurementandpricinginderegulatedelectricitymarketenvironmentZHAOXue2shun1,2,WANGZhen1,YUZhi2wen2,WENFu2shuan1,3,ZHONGDe2cheng2,ZHONGZhi2yong2,HUANGMin2xiang1(1.CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China;2.DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,HongKongPolytechnicUniversity,HongKong;3.DepartmentofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineering,theUniversityofHongKong,HongKong)Abstract:Operatingreserveisoneofthemainancillaryservices(AS).Itplaysanimportantroleinmain2tainingpowersystemreliabilitywhileeconomicallyefficienttransactionsareaccommodatedinanopenelec2tricitymarket.Thispaperreviewsaseriesofoperatingreservepricingmechanismsunderthecompetitiveelectricitymarketenvironment.Thecharacteristics,prosandconsofprocuringandpricingmechanismsbasedon(i)assessmentandallocationofreservecosts,(ii)extensionofoptimaldispatch,(iii)mechanismdesignand(iv)balancebetweeneconomicefficiencyandthereliabilityrequirementareinvestigated.Last2ly,thecommonunderstandingandthedirectionoffutureresearchonoperatingreserveinthederegulatedelectricitymarketenvironment,suchasrequirementdeterminationofoperatingreserve,evaluationandanalysisofopportunitycostandoutagecost,coordinationofdispatch&scheduleinenergyandoperatingreservemarkets,andsoonarediscussed.Keywords:electricitymarket;ancillaryservices;operatingreserve;pricingmechanism;outagecost.,.,,,©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[1].,.(FERC):(spinningreserve)(supplementalreserve),(operat2ingreserve).,.,.:,,,,;,,,,,,,,;,,,.,.,,[27],.,,.,,,.,,.:,..1,.:,,,.1.1(1).,..,,[8],;.,;,.,,.,[9],.[10],,,.,[11,12].(2),...351,:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,.,.,,,()..,,[13].,;.[14],[15],[16].[8](willingnesstopay,WTP),.,(VOLL)..1.2-,,.[17](R3C).(R3C),(TC).TC,,,,,R3CTC.[18].,.,,.,[19].,,(core)..1.3,,.,.,,.,.2,N-1.,(LOLP),.,,,.2.1,,,(utilityfunction).,,.,,,.:,;,(systemreservere2quirements,SRR).,.(1),,,.,,45()38©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.().,,[20].,,,.(2)(SRR),,.,[21].SRR.,,SRR,,.SRR,.,SRR.,,.[22].:,,SRR;;.,.,[23].,,,,.,.,,,.2.2[23],,,;.[24]:(),.,.[25][26].,;,.,,,.[20].[27];,,.,,.2.3,;,.:(1).,.,.(2),,.,,,.(3),,,.,,.3..,,[28,29].,,;551,:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[30]..,(mechanismdesign).,,,,.3.1,.:(individualrationality),,,;(incentivecompati2bility),,,.,.,,,,.[31](pay2mentfunction);,,.[11],,(scoringsystem),-.[12]Vickrey2Clarke2Groves(VCG),.3.2[32].,;ISO[33,34].[35]ISO,,.,:,.,(pricereversals),..,.,,.,[2]:A..,.B..(rationalbuyer’salgorithm),.C..,,,.,().3.3,,ISO,(NERC).,,.,,.4,,[36].[24,37,38].,,.(valueofservice),[39],,65()38©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved..[40],,..,,.,,.,,,,.NERC.[41].,()()()[42].[43],.[44],().,,,.,,[45].,,,.5,.,,.:(1),,.(2),.(3),.(4),.(References):[1],DAVIDAK.[J].,2001,25(5):1-5.WENFu2shuan,DAVIDAK.LessonsfromelectricitymarketfailureinCalifornia[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2001,25(5):1-5.[2]ORENSS.Designofancillaryservicemarkets[A].Proceedingsofthe34thHawaiiInternationalConfer-enceonSystemSciences[C].Hawaii:IEEE,2001:769-777.[3]SCHULERRE.Electricityandancillaryservicesmar2ketsinNewYorkState:Marketpowerintheoryandpractice[A].Proceedingsofthe34thAnnualHawaiiInternationalConferenceonSystemSciences[C].Hawaii:[s.n.],2001:783-792.[4]LIUY,ALAYWANZ,ROTHLEDERM,etal.Ara2tionalbuyer’salgorithmusedforancillaryservicepro2curement[A].IEEEPowerEngineeringSocietyWin-terMeeting[C].USA:IEEE,2000,2:855-860.[5]STRBACG.TradingelectricityandancillaryservicesinthereformedEnglandandWaleselectricitymarket[A].IEEEPowerEngineeringSocietyWinterMeeting[C].USA:IEEE,2001,1:41-44.[6]PETTIGREWJ.Tradinginancillaryservices[A].IEESeminaronElectricityTrading(Ref.No.2000ö038)[C].[s.l.]:IEE,2003:1-6.[7]HUGHO.Thedesignofefficientmarketstructuresforancillaryservices[A].Proceedingsofthe34thHawaiiInternationalConferenceonSystemSciences[C].Hawaii:IEEE,2001:778-782.[8]JOSEFP.Thevalueofreliabilityinpowersystems:pricingoperatingreserves[EBöOL].http:öölfee.mit.eduöpublicationsöPDFöel992005wp.pdf,MITEL992005WP,1999206.[9]PINDYCKRS.Volatilityandcommoditypricedynam2ics[EBöOL].http:ööweb.mit.eduöceepröwwwö20012007.pdf,WP220012007,2008208.[10],,.[J].,2000,24(21):14-18.ZHANGGuo2quan,WANGXiu2li,WANGXi2fan.Studyonbenefitsandcostsofspinningreservecapaci2751,:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.tyinpowermarket[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2000,24(21):14-18.[11]BUSHNELLJB,ORENSS.Biddercostrevelationinelectricpowerauctions[J].JournalofRegulatoryEconomics,1994,6:5-26.[12]HOBBSBF,ROTHKOPFMH,HYDELC,etal.Evaluationoftruthfulrevelationauctioninthecontextofenergymarketswithnonconcavebenefits[J].Jour-nalofRegulatoryEconomics,2000,18:5-32.[13]EnergyResearchInstituteofChulalongkornUniversi2ty.Electricityo