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走向高考·英语路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索二轮专题复习专题完形填空走向高考·二轮专题复习·英语专题完形填空题型解读1.完形填空的起源与运用总的原则:“先完意,后完形”。整体的经验模式:整体结构→组成部分两种语言模式:解题技巧【P26】高考完形填空一题型特点年度动词名词形容词副词介词连词搭配2009年8422222010年53312011年63212012年55112013年53222014年4431近几年来的完形填空题,有以下几个特点:1.短文难度基本稳定,与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。题材趋向于原汁原味的国外生活,强调与中学生有关的生活情景或社会情景。2.体裁大都是具有一定故事情节的记叙文,也可能是叙议结合,富有哲理的议论文,中心思想明确,充满正能量,考生读完后能获得某种启迪。3.短文长度基本稳定,一般在250~300个单词左右。短文的第一句不设空格,提供给考生一个思考的窗口。4.考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺,极少考语法。侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中的运用;着重对实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词)和上下文语境用词的考查,动词考查相对集中。高考链接【P28】【2014湖南卷·完形填空I】ThesummerbeforeIwentofftocollege,Momstoodmeinherusualspotbehindtheironingboard(烫衣板)andsaid,“Payattention.I'mgoingtoteachyoutoiron.”Momclearlyexplainedher__36__forthislesson.Iwasgoingtobe__37__andneededtolearnthisvitalskill.Also,Iwouldbemeetingnewpeople,andproperlyironedclotheswouldhelpmemakeagood__38__.“Learntoironashirt,”Momsaid,“andyoucanironanything.”Butironingshirtswasnot__39__work.Itdidn'tmakeuseoflongmusclesweusedtothrowabaseball,anditwasn'ta__40__operationlikeice-skating.Ironingwaslikedrivingacaronastreetthathasastopsignevery10feet.Moreover,anironproducedsteamanditcarriedanelementof__41__.Ifyoutouchedthewrongpartofit,you'dgetburnt.Ifyouforgottoturnitoffwhenyou__42__,youmightburndownthehouse.Asfortechnique,Mom__43__metobeginwiththeflatspacesoutward,alwayspushingtheironforwardintowrinkled(有褶皱的)parts.Collarshadtobedoneright.Momsaidtheywereclosetoyourface,whereeveryonewould__44__them.Overtheyears,I'velearnedtoironshirtsskillfully,whichgivesmeasenseof__45__.WhateverfailuresIsufferinmylife,anironedshirttellsmeIamgoodatsomething.__46__,throughironingI'velearnedthemethodforsolvingeventhemosttroublesomeproblems.“__47__wrinklesoneatatime,”asMommighthavesaid,“andbeforelongeverythingwillgetironedout.”锦囊妙解之一:首句信息完形填空第一节的首句是一个完整的句子,它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键,是理解全文大意的一扇窗户,对理解全文有着重要的启示作用,所以理解首句信息显得很重要。因此,要充分利用首句提供的信息,去挖掘文章的思路,寻找文章的脉络与线索,展开对文章发展的预测。锦囊妙解之一:首句信息⑴2014年湖南ThesummerbeforeIwentofftocollege,Momstoodmeinherusualspotbehindtheironingboard(烫衣板)andsaid,“Payattention:I’mgoingtoteachyoutoiron.”Momclearlyexplainedherreasonsforthislesson.Iwasgoingtobe37andneededtolearnthisvitalskill.37.A.helpfulB.confidentC.powerfulD.independent⑵(2011·广东卷)Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The__1__isbasedonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby__2__situationthathasdesignedforthe__3__children.1.A.principleB.theoryC.argumentD.classification2.A.designingB.groupingC.learningD.living3.A.smartB.curiousC.matureD.average⑶Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”36.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful锦囊妙解之二:根据上下文语境及逻辑关系所谓语境,就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填空试题中,语境题是考查考生感知语言材料时所具备的基础知识、阅读能力、思维判断能力的综合性试题,要求考生在解答试题时,以语篇为根本,根据试题所处的语言环境来作出正确的判断与选择。该类题型着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。逻辑推理是通过逻辑连词来实现的,逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带,考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词,深刻体会句段之间的逻辑关系。常用的逻辑连词主要有:(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词),如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等;(2)短语,如inotherwords,orrather,inaddition,asaresult,sothat,onthecontrary,insteadof等;(3)分句和独立结构,如thatistosay,whatismore,allthingsconsidered等。锦囊妙解之二:根据上下文语境及逻辑关系⑴(2011·广东卷)Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses…Iobservedanumberof__6__childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina__7__class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgement,…Inregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup…6.A.intelligentB.competentC.ordinaryD.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring⑵(2011·湖北卷)Inhersecondgrade,Maja__31__hercousin,Jasmina.AfterJasmina'sdeath,Majaswore…31.A.lostB.visitedC.rescuedD.left⑶HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.(2003年全国)43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreledD.joked44.A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.darker11⑷Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked⑸(2011·湖北卷)…butbecauseitdidn'tfitwell,walkingforMajawaspainful.__40__,shemanagedtograduatefromalocalhighschool.40.A.OtherwiseB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.However⑹(2011·陕西卷)…Hewasstilltravellingquickly,buthiswagons,__43__thegoldandvaluablestheyhadbeencarrying,werenowfulloffarmingtoolsandbagsof__44__.Hewasrushingbacktohelpthemoutofpoverty.43.A.exceptB.insteadofC.apartfromD.alongwith44.A.foodB.jewelsC.moneyD.seeds锦囊妙解之三:词汇复现(原词复现、词形变化近、反义词复现)英语语篇的连贯离不开词汇衔接,而英语的词汇衔接关系分为两种:复现和同现。复现是行文必须使用的一种词汇衔接手段,包括原词复现、同(近)义复现、反义、同源词、概括词复现和解释型复现等。可根据单词的复现来填上下文。因而对于解决完形填空的语境理解题,巧用同现复现法尤为有效。一个语篇一定是围绕某个话题进行的,同一话题就会有一些相关联的词语共同出现。如一篇谈学校生活的文章,有可能共同出现的单词有:teacher,classmate,student,classroom,library,laboratory,computer,score,maths,physics,study,desk,chair,holiday等,这种词汇共同出现的倾向性,就叫同现。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同义或近义词复现(包括与近义词的同根词复现,如ill与sickness)、反义词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、上下义词复现等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段,有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。1.原词复现。为了表达的需要,在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。锦囊妙解之三:词汇复现(原词复现、词
本文标题:完形填空I专题讲解
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