美国文学赏析

EzraPound(埃兹拉▪庞德)InaStationoftheMetroTheapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petalsonawet,blackbough.湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣1.Whydoesthepoetcallthefacesofpedestriansapparition?Thesepedestriansareallwalkinginahurryamidstthedrizzlingrain.2.Whatdopetalsandboughstandfor?Petalsrefertothefaceswhiletheboughstandsforthefloatingcrowd.RobertFrost(1)FireandIceSomesaytheworldwillendinfire,有人说世界将终结于火,Somesayinice.有人说是冰。FromwhatI’vetastedofdesire，从我尝过的欲望之果Iholdwiththosewhofavorfire.我赞同倾向于火之说。Butifithadtoperishtwice,但若它非得两度沉沦IthinkIknowenoughofhate.我想我对仇恨了解也够多Toknowthatfordestructionice可以说要是去毁灭,Isalsogreat冰也不错,Andwouldsuffice.应该也行。1.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsoffireinthispoem?Firesymbolizesnaturaldisaster,humanpassion,aswellaswar.2.Whydoesthespeakersaythaticeisalsogreatfordestruction?Explainwhaticestandsforhere.Ice,opposetofire,isalsoadreadfulnaturaldisasterinthisworld,andiceisalwaysrelatedtoindifference,coldness,hatred,andtheothernegativesentimentsofhumanbeings.3.Whatisyouropinionaboutfireandice?Whichoneismoredestructive?Bothfireandicecandestroythisbeautifulworldiftheyarebeyondcontrolofhumanbeings.Thereforeweshouldbeopen-mindedandreduceourprejudiceandpridesoastokeepthisworldinpeace.(2)StoppingByWoodsOnaSnowyEvening1.Inyouropinion,whatwasthereasonthatmadethespeakerstopbythewoodsonasnowyevening?Thepoetwasdeeplyattractedbythenaturalbeautyofthesceneatthatverymoment.2.Whydidthehorsegivetheharnessbellashake?Thehorsegrewimpatientbystoppinginthemiddleofthedark,coldwoodsatmidnight.Itwaseagertogohome.3.Whycouldn'tthespeakerstaylongerbythewoodstoappreciateitsmysteriousbeauty?Herealizedthatitwaslateatnightandhewouldhavetohurryhometogetsomefoodandsleep,becausethenextmorninghewouldhavealotofworktodo.4.Whatistheeffectofrepetitioninthelasttwolines?Therefrain-likerepetitioninthelasttwolinesremindsthereaderasimplefactoflife:whateverhappens,onemustgoforwardinthejourneyofhisorherlife.5stanza，16lines，Rhyme（押韵格式）：aababbcbccdcdddd翻译：WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow我知道林子的主人是谁，Hishouseisinthevillagethough.虽村落是他所居之地。Hewillnotseemestoppinghere,他不会看到我停留于此，Towatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.凝视他的林子雪花纷飞。Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer,我的小马一定以我为怪，Tostopwithoutafarmhousenear,近无房舍，为何停伫。Betweenthewoodsandfrozenlake,况只有林子与冰湖，Thedarkesteveningoftheyear.和一年中最黑之夜。Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake,他轻摇铃具Toaskifthereissomemistake.询问有错与否。Theonlyothersound'sthesweep,唯一的回复来自，Ofeasywindanddownyflake.软雪和清风。Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.林子很美——昏暗而幽深，ButIhavepromisestokeep,但我已有约定。AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.沉醉前还有一段路要走AndmilestogobeforeIsleep沉醉前还有一段路要走。(3)TheRoadNotTaken1.Whatisthespeaker'sinitialresponsetothedivergenceofthetworoads?Thespeakerisatalosswhichroadheshouldchoose,andhefeelssorrythathecannotexplorebothroadsatthesametime.2.Describethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthesetworoads.Whichonedoesthespeakertake?Tworoadsaresimilarexceptoneofthemismore“grassy,”whichimpliesthatitislesstraveledbypeople.Thespeakerprefersthelesstraveledone,becausehelikesadventure.3.Whatmightthetworoadsstandforinthespeaker'smind?Oneroadstandsforthetraditionaloneandtheotherisunconventionaloneandfullofchallengesanddifficulties.Tofollowotherpeople'sfootstepsortoopenanewroadforhimselfisreallynotaneasydecisionforustomakeinourlives.Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood黄色的树林里分出两条路AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth可惜我不能同时去涉足Andbeonetraveler,longIstood我在那路口久久伫立AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould我向着一条路极目望去Towhereitbentintheundergrowth直到它消失在丛林处Thentooktheother,asjustasfair但我却选了另外一条路Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;显得更诱人、更美丽Thoughasforthatthepassingthere虽然在这两条小路上Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame都很少留下旅人的足迹Andboththatmorningequallylay虽然那天清晨落叶满地Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack两条路都未经脚印污染Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!呵，留下一条路等改日再见！Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,但我知道路径延绵无尽头IdoubtedifIshouldevencomeback.恐怕我难以再回返Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh也许多少年后在某个地方Somewhereagesandageshence:我将轻声叹息把往事回顾Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI---一片树林里分出两条路Itooktheonelesstraveledby,而我选了人迹更少的一条Andthathasmadeallthedifference从此决定了我一生的道路