基于单片机的自行车测速系统

郑州大学毕业设计（论文）题目基于单片机的自行车测速系统设计学生姓名指导教师所属系专业年级学号基于单片机的自行车测速系统设计I基于单片机的自行车测速系统设计摘要随着科技的迅速发展，单片机的应用也越来越广泛，并带动传统控制检测技术不断更新。现在的里程表大多是电子式的，用数码管或液晶显示器即时显示，显示更加直观。电子式里程表采用接触车速传感器代替软轴传动,可使里程表的安装位置不受距离限制，进一步有效地克服了机械式里程表中的诸多不足。方案采用了一种以单片机STC89C52为主控机，使用光电传感器进行自行车里程、速度测量的装置。传感器将不同车速产生的不同频率的脉冲信号输入到单片机进行控制与计算，再采用LCD液晶显示模块进行显示，使得自行车的速度与里程数据能直观的显示给使用者。本设计主要包括自行车轮脉冲采集、键盘输入和数据显示等部分，主程序用C语言编写，完成各项功能及数据的处理。本里程表的设计具有结构简单，成本低廉，显示清晰，稳定可靠等优点。并且可以进行扩充，更方便于使用者。关键词光电传感器，单片机，液晶显示器，测速基于单片机的自行车测速系统设计IITheDesignofbicyclespeedmeasuringsystembasedonsinglechipmicrocomputerABSTRACTWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnology,moreandmorewidespreadapplicationofmicrocomputer,promotethetraditionalcontroldetectiontechnologyconstantlyupdated.Mostofthecurrentelectronicodometer,andwiththeLEDdigitaltubeorLCDdisplayreal-time,displaymoreintuitive.Electronicodometerflexibleshaftusingthecontactspeedsensorinsteadofdriving,mileagetablescanbeinstalledwithoutdistancelimitations,andfurthertoeffectivelyovercomethemechanicaldisadvantagesofmileageinthetable.TheplanadoptsthesystemandconfigurationofcombiningthemicrocontrollerSTC89C52asthemaincontrolcomputer,usingthephotoelectricsensorbicycleodometer,speedmeasuringdevices.whenDifferentspeedpulsesignalsofdifferentfrequenciesproducedbysensorareinputintothemicrocontroller,afteritscalculation,liquidcrystalwilldisplaythedatas,makingthebike'sspeedanddistancedatavisuallytotheuser.Thedesignincludesabikewheelpulseacquisition,keyboardinputanddatadisplaysection,themainprogramusingClanguage,Thispaperfirstneededtomilestonesdesignofequipmentindetail,ontheproblemsexistinginthedesign,explainedAndthentohardwareandsoftwaredesignandimplementationofthepartmadeearnestanalysis,Thenpresentedsystemmodelingprocessandthecorrespondingsystembasedonthismodel,thecontrolsimulation,andthesimulationresultsarecompared.KEYWORDSodometerphotoelectricsensor,MCU,LCD,Tachometer基于单片机的自行车测速系统设计III目录摘要............................................................................................................IABSTRACT.....................................................................................................II1绪论.............................................................................................................11.1问题由来...........................................................................................11.2课题现状...........................................................................................11.3设计任务...........................................................................................22方案论证与分析.........................................................................................22.1单片机模块论证与选择.................................................................22.2显示模块论证与选择.....................................................................32.3电源模块论证与选择.....................................................................32.4光电测速模块论证与选择.............................................................33系统硬件设计.............................................................................................43.1光电传感器模块.............................................................................43.2单片机系统部分...........................................................................63.2.1STC89C52单片机介绍............................................................................63.2.2定时/计数器的结构及控制.....................................................................73.3单片机外围电路介绍.....................................................................93.3.1复位电路...................................................................................................93.3.2晶振电路.................................................................................................103.4LCD显示模块................................................................................103.4.11602字符型LCD简介............................................................................103.4.2LCD1602的基本参数及引脚功能..........................................................11基于单片机的自行车测速系统设计IV3.5按键模块.........................................................................................134系统软件设计...........................................................................................144.1概述.................................................................................................144.2总体程序设计...............................................................................144.3测量算法概述.................................................................................154.4中断子程序的设计.........................................................................164.5人机交互设计.................................................................................175结束语.......................................................................................................18致谢.........................................................................................................19参考文献.........................................................................................................20附录1：系统原理图.....................................