Chinese Art[week 6]

HistoryandCultureofChinaAnIntroductoryCourseByXiaoouLiSchoolofEnglishStudies,XISUChineseArtChineseArtBeijingOperaChinesePaintingChineseCalligraphyChineseHandicraftArticlesandSouvenirsChineseArtBeijingOperaBriefHistoryofBeijingOperaMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaFourMainRolesofBeijingOperaBeijingOperaTodayChineseArtBriefHistoryofBeijingOperaBeijingOpera–thenationalopera(ThemostinfluentialandrepresentativeofalloperasinChinainthepast200years)AcompletesystemofstageperformanceOrigin:primitivesongsanddancesofChineseancienttimesTechniquesandmovementsofBeijingOpera’sdancingstyle:similartothoseoftheTangDynasty.ChineseArtBriefHistoryofBeijingOperaHuangmeiDrama,AnhuiProvince(EmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastyloveditduringhis6secretinspectionsofthesouthernprovinces,summonedtocelebratehis80thbirthday)Kunqu,developedintheMingDynasty,popularinthepalaceamongtheupperclassesinBeijing.Meritsofotherlocaloperas---amatureartformTroupesfromHubeiandAnhuiProvincesperformedtogetherinBeijing–blendedonthesamestage–gavebirthtoanewgenre:BeijingOpera.ChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaFourhighlysystemizedcategoriesofsinging,dancing,mimicryandacrobatics.SkillsofChinesemartialartsAuniquesystemofstylized,fictitiousmovements,whichisstronglyrhythmicalMainlypresentedhistoricalstories1,300traditionalplays,400ofthemareoftenonshowChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaMostplays:basedonfolktales,famousnovelsandfairytalesMostfamousBeijingOperas:TheWhiteSnake,TheMonkeyKing,TheDrunkenBeauty,Crossroads,andStrategyofanUnguardedCityChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaCostumes:I.ThestylesoftheMingDynastycourtandcivilcostumesII.Agarishcollectionofsharplycontrastingcolors:deepred,deepgreen,white,black,yellowandblue…(stage:oillamps)III.Embroideredingold,silverandcoloredthreadsIV.Specialcostumes:differentcolorsanddesignsforeachrolebasedontherank,lifestyleandoccupationChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaThetunes---mainlycomposedoftwostyles:I.Huitune,AnhuiProvince(“Erhuang”)II.Hantune,HubeiProvince(“Xipi”)Apiercingstyleofsinging:performedmostlyontheopen-airstageinstreets,tea-houses,templecourtyardsormarketsThesinging,thevariationsofrhythmandpitch:expressingtheroles’thoughtsandemotionsofdifferentcharactersinallsituationsChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaThepronunciation:hardtounderstandTwoforms(rhythmicvernacularandcapitalvernacular)ofrecitativesindialogueandmonologuetocharacterizethepersonalitiesoftheroles.Themovementsallhavetheirpatternandformula(suchas:strokingabeard,settingahatstraight,swingasleeve,liftingafoot,etc.)Astylizedroutine:eachmove,gestureorfacialexpressionissymbolicChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaTheorchestra:stringandwindinstruments,percussioninstrumentsThemusicians:sitonthestageinplainclothesandplaywithoutwrittenscoresJinghu:akindoftwo-stringedfiddle---themostimportantmusicalinstrumentOtherinstruments:Yueqin,Pipa,Suona,gongsanddrumsofdifferentsizea,andthecastanets(thetimeclapper)madeofwoodandbambooThecastanets:the“time-beater”ChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaTheartofillusion:transformasmallstageintothewholeuniverseExpressedthroughtechniquesofexaggerationandconcentrationTheartofcombination:grandopera,acrobaticdisplay,ballet,andhistoricplayTheexcitingpanoramaofBeijingOpera:theperformingartsofsinging,dialogue,dancing,acrobaticcombatandmonologue,separatedinWesterndramaChineseArtMajorFeaturesofBeijingOperaMake-up:anessentialelementinshapingcharactersDifferentmake-up:accordingtothesex,age,personalityandsocialstatusTheartoffacingpainting:applyingthe“mask”requiresgreatabilityandpatience.ChineseArtFourMainRolesofBeijingOperaI.MaleRolesasShengXiaoSheng:youngmensingingfalsettovoiceLaoSheng:oldmenwearinglongbeardsWenSheng:scholarsorofficialsWuSheng:militaryofficersandgeneralsinbattlescenes(welltrainedinacrobatics)TheyareleadingmaleactorsChineseArtFourMainRolesofBeijingOperaII.FemaleRolesasDanLaoDan:elderly,dignifiedladiesQingYi:aristocraticladiesinelegantcostumesHuaDan:ladies’maidsincoloredcostumesDaoMaDan:horsewomenandwarriorsChouDanorCaiDan:thewifeoftheclownroleCaiDan:alsoknownasclowns(Choupozi)ChineseArtFourMainRolesofBeijingOperaIII.Face-paintedRolesasJingHighlyexaggeratedanddecoratedrolestodisplaythenatureofgood,honest,evilanddishonestcharacters.Warriors,heroes,statesmen,demonsandadventurersFuJing:ridiculousfigureswhoareanythingbutheroicChineseArtFourMainRolesofBeijingOperaIII.Face-paintedRolesasJing“Oilpaintedface”:Red:honesty,probity,courage,andbraveryBlack:impartiality,fortitude,coarsenessandrudenessWhite:anegativecharacterBlueoryellow:nagativetraitsassavageness,fiercenessorarroganceGreen:facesofdevils,unstablecharacterGolden:godsoremperorsGoodnaturepaintedwithsimplecolors;hostilegeneralsanddoubtfulcharactersbearcomplexmarksChineseArtFourMainRolesofBeijingOperaIV.MaleorFemaleRoleswithFacialMake-upandClownsasChouAwkward,stingy,funnyorfoolishpeopleAClown’sfacialpattern:apatchofwhitearoundhiseyesandnose,sometimesoutlinedinblackChineseArtBeijingOperaT