《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案

1欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1.TherichnessofEuropeanCulturewascreatedby________elementand_________element.Greco-RomanJudeo-Christian2.TheHomer’sepicsconsistedof_________.IliadandOdyssey3.________isthefirstwriterof“problemplays”.Euripides4.__________iscalled“FatherofHistory”.Herodotus5.________isthegreatesthistorianthateverlived.Thucydides6.ThedividingrangeintheRomanhistoryrefersto________.27B.C.7.“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”isafamoussayingby_______.JuliusCaesar8.TherepresentationformofGreekDemocracyis__________.citizen-assembly.判断题1.Euclidsays“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld”.(×)Archimedes2.Herodotus’shistoricalwritingisonthewarbetweenAnthensandSparta.(×)GreeksandPersians名词解释：1.PaxRomana答：IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasguaranteedbytheRomanlegions,itwasknownasPaxRomana2.“Democracy”inancientGreece答：1）Democracymeans“exerciseofpowerbythewholepeople”,butinGreeceby“thewholepeople”theGreeksmeantonlytheadultmalecitizens.2）Women,children,foreignersandslaveswereexcludedfromDemocracy.论述题：1.HowdidtheGreekCultureoriginateanddevelop?1)Probablyaround1200B.C.,awarwasfoughtbetweenGreeceandtroy.ThisisthewarthatHomerreferstoinhisepics.2)Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.A.ThesuccessfulrepulseofthePersianinvasionearlyinthe5thcentury.B.Theestablishmentofdemocracy.C.Theflourishingofscience,philosophy,literature,artandhistoricalwritinginAthens.3)The5thcenturyclosedwithcivilwarbetweenAthensandSparta.4)Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,GreecewasconqueredbyAlexander,kingofMacedon.Wheneverhewent2andconquered,wheneverGreekculturewasfound.5)MeltingbetweenGreekcultureandRomanculturein146B.C.,theRomansconqueredGreece.2.WhatisthegreatsignificanceofGreekCultureonthelater-onculturaldevelopment?答：TherehasbeenanenduringexcitementaboutclassicalGreekcultureinEuropeandelsewhereRediscoveryofGreekcultureplayedavitalpartintheRenaissanceinItalyandotherEuropeancountries.1)SpiritofinnovationTheGreekpeopleinventedmathematicsandscienceandphilosophy;Theyfirstwrotehistoryasopposedtomereannals;Theyspeculatedfreelyaboutthenatureoftheworldandtheendsoflife,withoutbeingboundinthefettersofanyinheritedorthodoxy.2)SupremeAchievementTheGreeksachievedsupremeachievementsinnearlyallfieldsofhumanendeavour:Philosophy,science,epicpoetry,comedy,historicalwriting,architecture,etc.3)LastingeffectA.Countlesswritershavequoted,borrowedfromandotherwiseusedHomer’sepics,thetragediesofAeschylusandSophoclesandEuripides,Aristophanes’scomedies,Plato’sDialogues,ect.B.Intheearlypartofthe19thcentury,inEnglandalone,threeyoungRomanticpoetsexpressedtheiradmirationofGreekcultureinworkswhichhavethemselvesbecomeclassics:Byron’sIslesofGreece,Shelley’sHellasandPrometheusUnboundandKeats’sOdeonaGrecianUrn.C.Inthe20thcentury,thereareHomericparallelsintheIrishmanJamesJoyce’smodernistmasterpieceUlysses.3.WhatisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenGreekcultureandRomanculture?答：1)similarities:A.Bothpeopleshadtraditionsrootedintheideaofthecitizen-assembly.B.Theirreligionswerealikeenoughformostoftheirdeitiestobereadilyidentified,andtheirmythstobefused.C.Theirlanguagesworkedinsimilarways,bothbeingmembersoftheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.2)differences:A.TheRomansbuiltupavastempire;theGreeksdidn’t,exceptforthebriefmomentofAlexander’sconquests,whichsoondisintegrated.B.TheRomanswereconfidentintheirownorganizationalpower,theirmilitaryandadministrativecapabilities.4.WhatistheRomehistoricalbackground?3答：1)ThehistoryofRomedividedintotwoperiods:Beforetheyear27B.C.,Romehadbeenarepublic;fromtheyear27B.C.,OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustusandRomanEmpirebegan.2)Twocenturieslater,theRomanEmpirereacheditsclimax,markedbylandarea’sextension:EncirclingtheMediterranean.3)Strongmilitarypower:thefamousRomanlegions.4)IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasguaranteedbytheRomanlegions,itwasknownasPaxRomana.5)AnotherimportantcontributionmadebytheRomanstoEuropeanculturewasRomanLaw.6)Theempirebegantodeclineinthe3rdcentury.A.Inthe4thcenturytheemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium.RenameditConstantinople(modernIstanbul).B.After395,theempirewasdividedintoEast(TheByzantineEmpire)andWestC.In476thelastemperoroftheWestwasdeposedbyGothsandthismarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire.D.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurksin1453.第二章填空题：1.___________isbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.Christianity2.TheHebrewshistorywasrecordedin_________oftheBible.theOldTestament3.TheNewTestamentisabout_________.thedoctrineofJesusChrist4.ThestoryaboutGod’sfloodingtothehumanbeingandonlygood-virtuebeingsavedwasrecordedinGenesis,Pentateuch,theOldTestament,theBible,whichwasknownas_________.Noah’sArk.5.TheBirthofJesuswasrecordedin________.Matthew6.ThestoryaboutJesusbeingpinnedinthecrosstodeathwasknownas_________.TheLastSupper.7.ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformersledby_________.JohnWycliff.名词解释:1.TheOldTestamentTheBiblewasdividedintotwosections:theOldTe