基于ADAMS的汽车悬架系统动力学分析与仿真试验

密级：公开基于ADAMS的汽车悬架系统动力学分析与仿真试验DynamicalAnalysisandSimulationTestonVehicleSuspensionSystemBasedonADAMS(申请石家庄铁道学院授予工学硕士学位论文)培养单位：机械工程分院专业：载运工具运用工程研究生：刘永强指导教师：杨绍普教授二○○八年二月独创性声明本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得石家庄铁道学院或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。签名：日期：关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解石家庄铁道学院有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学院有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。(保密的论文在解密后应遵守此规定)签名：导师签名：日期：摘要摘要虚拟样机技术(VP)是当今先进的机械设计及分析领域重点发展的方向。随着计算机技术的不断发展，以多体系统动力学为核心的虚拟样机仿真技术已经逐步应用到了汽车设计中，缩短了车辆研发周期、降低了开发成本、提高了产品设计和制造质量。论文论述了ADAMS软件的理论基础、主要模块及其特点等，运用虚拟样机技术对某款汽车悬架系统及整车进行了动力学仿真试验，以期为该车型的实际开发提供理论依据。论文基于虚拟样机技术软件ADAMS，建立了悬架三维参数化多体动力学模型，通过对前后悬架进行仿真分析，考察了前轮定位参数和悬架的主要性能指标随车轮跳动的变化规律，并对前悬架的结构进行了优化。在悬架优化的基础上建立了三维整车动力学模型，仿真分析了空载和满载时汽车操纵稳定性中的稳态转向特性和转向盘瞬态响应特性，优化后的悬架设计方案车辆具有一定的不足转向特性。仿真结果表明随着车速的提高汽车的横摆角速度和侧向加速度的波动越来越大，进入稳态所经历的时间增长，满载时汽车横摆角速度和侧向加速度的最大值比空载时的要大，瞬态响应时间也比较长。对整车模型进行了不同等级路面上随机路面输入的平顺性仿真，进行了空载和满载下直线加速和紧急制动工况下整车的仿真分析，仿真结果表明悬架制动抗点头和加速抗抬头效果较差。论文对整车悬架进行的仿真试验及分析结果可以为厂方悬架设计方案提供可靠的参考依据，具有深远的实际意义。关键词：汽车悬架，ADAMS，整车模型，操纵稳定性，平顺性AbstractAbstractVirtualPrototyping(VP)isthedevelopingorientationofmodernadvancedmechanicdesignandanalysismethod.Alongwiththedevelopingofcomputermethods,VirtualPrototypingsimulationtechnologywithDynamicsofMulti-bodySystemasthecorehasgraduallybeenappliedtothedesignofcar,whichhasshortenedthevehicledevelopmentcycle,lowereddevelopmentcostsandimprovedproductqualityofdesigningandmanufacturing.ThedissertationsummarizesthebasictheoryofADAMS,themainpartsandthecharacters,andsoon,utilizesVirtualPrototypingtosimulateandtestthesuspensionsystemandthefullvehicleofonekindofcar,expectingthattheacademicfoundationscanbeprovidedtothepracticalexploitationofthisvehicletype.Thedissertationbuilds3Dparametricmulti-bodydynamicssuspensionmodelbasedonVirtualPrototypingsoftwareADAMS.Andthroughthesimulationandanalysisoffrontsuspensionandrearsuspension,thedissertationinspectsthechangesinpositioningparametersoffrontwheelandthemainparametersofsuspensionwiththewheeljumping,andoptimizesthestructureoffrontsuspension.Onthebasisofoptimizedsuspension,weestablisha3Ddynamicsfullvehiclemodel.Wesimulate,assayandanalyzesteeringwheelanglestepinputtestandsteadystaticcirculartestinconditionoffullcaseandemptycase,andfindsthatthevehiclemodelwiththeoptimizedsuspensionhassuitableundersteeringcharacteristics.Theresultofsimulationshowsthatalongwiththeenhancingofspeed,thefluctuationofrotaryangularvelocityandside-accelerationbecomelargerandinstantaneousresponsetimebecomeslonger,andthatrotaryangularvelocityandside-accelerationinfullcaseisbiggerthanthatinemptycase,andinstantaneousresponsetimeinfullcaseislongerthanthatinemptycase.Thedissertationevaluatestheridecomfortoffullvehiclemodelwithvariableroadinputondifferentrandomroads.Thereissimulation,trialandanalysisofthelinearaccelerationandAbstracturgentbrakeofthefullvehiclemodelinconditionofemptyloadandfullload,andtheresultsshowthatanti-diveandanti-liftperformanceofsuspensionisbad.Thesimulation,trialandresultsofthefullvehiclesuspensioninthisdissertationcanprovidereliablereferencesforthesuspensiondesigningschemesoffactories,andhasafar-reachingpracticalsignificance.Keywords:vehiclesuspension,ADAMS,fullvehiclemodel,operatingstability,ridecomfort目录－I－目录第一章绪论.............................................................................................................11.1研究背景............................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状................................................................................................31.2.1国外研究现状.................................................................................................31.2.2国内研究现状.................................................................................................81.3课题来源及其目的意义....................................................................................91.3.1课题来源.........................................................................................................91.3.2课题目的及意义...........................................................................................101.4论文主要研究内容..........................................................................................11第二章多体系统动力学基础...............................................................................122.1多体系统动力学基本理论..............................................................................122.1.1概述...............................................................................................................122.1.2主要研究方法...............................................................................................122.2ADAMS软件...................................................................................................142.2.1ADAMS软件介绍........................................................................................142.2.2ADAMS软件模块简介................................................................................142.2.3ADAMS软件设计流程..................