专业英语翻译技巧

科技英语翻译的基本技巧1）词义引申2）词量增减3）词类转换5）成分转换6）成分分译4）重复译法7）被动语态的译法8)长句翻译注意：每个句子都应正确划分结构。翻译技巧（一）词义引申词义引申是指改变原文字面意义的翻译方法。词义引申时，往往可以从词义转译、词义具体化、词义抽象化和词的搭配四个方面来考虑。词义转译词义具体化词义抽象化词的搭配1.词义转译翻译时，遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。翻译技巧（一）词义引申Solarenergyseemstooffermorehopethananyothersourceofenergy.Likeanyprecisionmachine,thelatherequirescarefultreatment.2.词义具体化翻译时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。以动词cut（切割）为例：Asingle-pointcuttingtoolistocutthreadsonenginelathes.Hardmetalscanbeeasilycutwithgrindingwheels。Themillingmachineisoftenemployedtocutspurandhelicalgears。翻译技巧（一）词义引申Thepurposeofadrilleristocutholes.3.词义抽象化把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽象词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般的词。翻译技巧（一）词义引申Steelandcastironalsodifferincarbon。High-speedgrindingdoesnotknowthisdisadvantage。Thedesignofthemachinehasbeenimprovedtoanswerthechallengeofheavydutyclimbmilling(强力顺铣)。4.词的搭配遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时，应根据汉语的搭配习惯，而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。Draftsmenmakeanassemblydrawingforthecompletedproductandadetaileddrawingforeachpart。Tobeabletoreadmachinedrawing，thereareafewcommontermsandsymbolswithwhichyoushouldbefamiliar。Gearpumpsmaybeclassifiedintotwobroadcategories,externalandinternal.翻译技巧（一）词义引申翻译技巧（二）词量增减词量增加词量减少一、词量增加1.在抽象名词后增加名词翻译技巧（二）词量增减2.在形容词前名词3.增加起语气连贯作用的词4.增加概括词（1）Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertaincondition。（2）Themajorprobleminfabrication(制（1）Pistonenginesareusedforrelativelyslowplanesflyingat20,000feetorless.（1）Hydrogenisthesimplestsubstance,atomsofotherelementshavingamorecomplexstructure.（2）Thesunwarmstheearth,whichmakes（1）Notethatthewords“velocity”and“speed”requireexplanation。（2）Theunitsof“ampere”，“ohm”，and“volt”arenamedrespectivelyafter一、词量减少1.省略冠词翻译技巧（二）词量增减2.省略代词3.省略介词（1）Anysubstanceismadeupofatomswhetheritisasolid，aliquid，oragas。（2）Practicallyeveryriverhasanupper，amiddle，andalowerpart。（1）Bytheword“alloy”wemean“mixtureofmetals”。（2）Hardenedsteelisdifficulttomachine，buthavingbeenannealed,itcanbe（1）Inwinter，itismuchcolderintheNorththanitisintheSouth。（2）Mostsubstancesexpandonheatingandcontractoncooling。一、词量减少（续）翻译技巧（二）词量增减4.省略连接词5.省略动词6.省略名词（1）Upanddownmotioncanbechangedtocircularmotion.（2）Iftherewerenoheat-treatment，metalscouldnotbemadesohard．（1）Asquarehasfourequalsides。（2）Automaticlathesperformbasicallysimilarfunctionsbutappearinavarietyof（1）Differentkindsofmatterhavedifferentproperties.（2）Thelawsinsciencearefrequentlystatedinwords，butmoreoftenintheformof翻译技巧（三）词类转换翻译时可以适当地改变一下原文某些词的词类，以适应汉语的表达习惯，或达到一定的修饰目的。这种改变原文词类的译法叫做词类转换。译成动词译成名词译成形容词翻译技巧（三）词类转换1.名词译成动词Weretherenofriction，transmissionofmotionwouldbeimpossible.3.介词译成动词Assoonasthesupplyreverses,thevoltageacrossthethyristorwillbecomepositive,turningiton.2形容词译成动词Whenmetalsarecut,theshiningsurfaceisvisible,butitturnsgreyalmostimmediately.一、译成汉语动词1.动词译成名词Grindingischaracterizedbytherotatingabrasivewheelwhichisemployedasthecuttingtool.2.形容词译成名词Thecuttingtoolmustbestrong,tough,hard,andwearresistant.3.副词译成名词Lowcyclefatiguepropertiesareaffectedadverselybyabusivegrinding.翻译技巧（三）词类转换二、译成汉语名词三、译成汉语形容词1.名词译成形容词Theelectricalconductivityhasgreatimportanceinselectingelectricalmaterials.2.副词译成形容词Theelectroniccomputerischieflycharacterizedbyitsaccurateandrapidcomputations.翻译技巧（三）词类转换翻译技巧（四）重复译法重复译法是指翻译时重复原文中某些词，使译文表达明确具体。这是因为有些词在英语中是不必重复的，但在汉语中却必须重复，否则就会造成文理不通或逻辑混乱。重复省略的部分重复共同部分重复共同修饰的名词重复共同的动词重复共用的宾语重复共同的定语一、重复共同部分1.重复共同修饰的名词Thechiefeffectsofelectriccurrentsarethemagnetic,heating,andchemicaleffects.Thechargesofnucleusandelectronsareequalsothattheatomiselectricallyneutral.翻译技巧（四）重复译法2.重复共同的动词Alternatingcurrentflowsfirstinonedirectionandthenintheother,thereversalstakingplacemanytimesasecond.Machiningissuitedtoeitherbrittleorductilematerialspreferablytheformer.3.重复共用的宾语Engineershavetoanalyzeandsolvedesignproblems.翻译技巧（四）重复译法4.重复共同的定语Metalsarethebestconductorsandgasesthepoorestconductorsofheat.Thelawofconservationandtransformationofenergyisthechiefbasisofengineeringpractice.翻译技巧（四）重复译法二、重复省略的部分Waterhasthepropertyofdissolvingsugar,sugarthepropertyofbeingdissolvedbywater.Highvoltageisnecessaryforlongtransmissionlinewhilelowvoltageforsafeuse.翻译技巧（四）重复译法翻译技巧（五）成分转换转译成宾语转译成定语转译成谓语转译成主语一、转译成主语翻译技巧（五）成分转换1.介词宾语转译成主语（1）介词in的宾语译成主语Amotorissimilartoageneratorinconstruction.（2）被动句的介词宾语译成主语(a).Twofactors,forceanddistance,areincludedinunitofwork.(b).Verylittlepressureisrequiredinthegrindingprocess.2.表语转译成主语Ofallthemetalsthebestconductorsaresilver,goldandcopper.3.状语转译成主语(a).Inourworkshopthenewtechnologicalprocessofproductionfindsapplication.(b).Thereareagreatnumberofmodernizedmachinebuildingplantsinourcountry.一、转译成主语（续）翻译技巧（五）成分转换二、转译成谓语1.主语转译成谓语Thestatementoftheconservationandtransformationofenergyisasfollows.2.表语转译成谓语Weareonthesuppositionthatnothingintheworldmovesfasterthanlight.3.定语转译成谓语Muchstrenuousstudyofliquidhydrogenasamarinefuelisneededbeforeadeterminationofitsvaluecanbemade.翻译技巧（四）成分转换三、转译成定语主语转译成定语(1).当形容词译成名词，并移作主语时，原来的主语通常都需要译成定语。Mediumcarbonsteelismuchstrongerthanlowcarbonsteel.(2)当动词译成名词，并移作主语时，原来的主语一般需要译成定语。Theverticalspindledrillingmachineischaracterizedbyasingleverticalspindlerotatinginafixedposition.翻译技巧（五）成分