专业英语词根和前后缀

专业英语词根和前后缀数字前缀一（单）：mono-，uni-monomer,monoclone,carbonmonoxide,unidirectional二：bi-，di-bilateral,biphasiccarbondioxide,dipeptide三：tri-trilateral,triphasic,trigeminalnerve1.与数字有关的前缀四：tetra-tetramer,tetracycline,tetraplegia五：penta-pentagon,pentachromic，pentachloride六:hexa-hexachromic，benzenehexachloride(666)，七:hepta-heptachromic,heptaploid,heptavalent八:octa-octahedral,octalsystem九:nona-nonapeptide,nonagon十:deca-decade,decagram,个位数前缀+deca，hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）十位数的表示：1.endo,ento内，在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素2.表示方位和程度的词素2.ec,ect,exc,extra外，外面，表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite外寄生生物extract抽取，浸出3.meso中，中间mesosphere中圈，中层mesoplast中胚层质5.centri,centro,medi,mid中心，中央，中间centrifuge离心centriole中心粒centrosome中心体centrogeng着丝基因6.epi,peri上，外，旁epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF):表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点4.intra,intro,inter在内，向内intra-allelic等位基因内interaction相互作用intracellular（细）胞内的interurban城市之间7.sub,suc,suf,sug下，低，小suborder亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节，分部8.super,supra上，高，超superconductor超导体superfluid超流体superoxide超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9.hyper超过，过多hypersensitive过敏的hyperelastic超弹性的hypertension高血压hyperploid超倍体10.hypo下，低，次hypotension低血压hypoglycaemia低血糖hypophysis脑下垂体11.iso等，相同，同iso-osmotic等渗的isotope同位素isopod等足目动物12.oligo，olig少，低，寡，狭oligomer寡聚体oligohaline狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligophagous寡食性13.eury多，宽，广eurythermal广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopicspecies广幅种14.ultr超ultra-acoustics超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15.infra下，低，远infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构，基本结构infrahuman类人生物化工英语常用词首•ace-乙（酰基）•acet-醋；醋酸；乙酸•acetamido-乙酰胺基•acetenyl-乙炔基•acetoxy-醋酸基；乙酰氧基•acetyl-乙酰（基）•aeto-乙酰•allo-别•allyl-烯丙（基）；CH2=CH-CH2-•amido-酰胺（基）•amino-氨基•amyl-①淀粉②戊（基）•amylo-淀粉•andr-andro-雄•anilino-苯胺基•anisoyl-茴香酰；甲氧苯酰•anti-抗•apo-阿朴；去水•aryl-芳（香）基•aspartyl-门冬氨酰•auri-金（基）；（三价）金基•aza-氮（杂）•azido-叠氮•azo-偶氮•basi-碱•baso-碱•benxoyl-苯酰；苯甲酰•benzyl-苄（基）；苯甲酰•bi-二；双；重•biphenyl-联苯基•biphenylyl-联苯基•bis-双；二•bor-硼•boro-硼•bromo-溴•butenyl-丁烯基（有1、2、3位三种）•butoxyl-丁氧基•butyl-丁基•butyryl-丁酰•caprinoyl-癸酰capryl-癸酰•caproyl-己酰•capryloyl-辛酰caprylyl-辛酰calc-；calci-；calco-钙•cef-头孢（头孢菌素族抗生素词首）•chlor-;chloro-①氯②绿clo-氯ciclo-;cycl-;cyclo-环cis-顺crypto-隐•dec-deca-十；癸de-去；脱•dehydro-去氢；去水；•demethoxy-去甲氧（基）•demethyl-去甲（基）；•deoxy-去氧di-二•diamino-二氨基；•diazo-重氮；•dihydro-二氢；双氢des-去；脱•desmethyl-去甲（基）•desoxy-去氧decks-；dextro-右旋•endo-桥•epic-表；差向•epoxy-环氧•erythro-红；赤•ester-雌•ethinyl-乙炔（基）•ethoxyl-乙氧（基）•ethyl-乙基•etio-初•eu-优•fluor-;fluoro-①氟②荧光•formyl-甲酰（基）•guanyl-脒基hepta-七；庚hetero-杂hexa-六；己homo-高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-)hypo-次io-；indo-碘iso-异keto-酮laevo-左旋;levo-左旋leuco-白mercapto-巯基meso-①不旋；内消旋②中（间）③中（位）（蒽环的9、10位）meta-①间（有机系统用名）②偏（无机酸用）•methoxy-甲氧基•methyl-甲基mono-一；单neo-新nov-；novo-新•nitro-硝基•nitroso-亚硝基nona-九；壬nor-去甲；降；正oct-；octa-；octo-八；辛ortho-①邻（位）②正③原oxalo-草oxo-氧[代]oxy-①氧②羟基（误称，但常用）para-①对（位）②副（俗名）penta-五；戊per-①高②过phen-;pheno-苯phenoxy-苯氧（基）phenyl-苯基•phospho-；磷；磷酸•phosphor-；•phosphoro-phyllo-叶poly-多；聚propyl-丙基proto-原pseudo-假；伪；拟ribosyl-核糖基sec-①另（指CH3CH2CH(CH3)-型烃基②semi-半silico-硅strept-；strepto-链sulfa-磺胺（磺胺类药物词头）sulf-硫sulph-硫[代]•sulfo-①硫[代]②磺基•sulpho-①硫[代]②磺基•tert-①特（指CH3…C(CH3)2-型烃基）②叔•tetra-四•thio-硫•trans-反（式）；转•tri-三undeca-十一valyl-缬氨酰（基）vinyl-乙烯基xantho-黄色化工英语常用词尾-al；-aldehyde醛-amide酰胺-amidine脒-amine胺-ane烷-ase酶-ate①盐②酯-azide叠氮；-N3-caine卡因（局部麻醉药词尾）-carboxyl羰基-carboxamide甲酰胺-carboxylicacid羧酸-cidin杀…菌素-cillin青霉素；西林（青霉素族抗生素词尾）-cycline四环素（四环素族抗生素词尾）-diol①二醇②二酚-dione二酮-disulfide二硫化物-ene烯-enol烯醇-ester酯-flavine黄素-form仿（俗名词尾）-genin甙元（旧称配基）-hydrin醇-ine碱；素（生物碱词尾）-lactone内酯-lysin溶素（俗名词尾）-micin;-mycetin;-mycin霉素；菌素（抗生素词尾）-nitrile腈-ol①醇②酚-olol心安（心安类药物词尾）-one酮-ose糖-oside糖甙-oxide氧；氧化物-oyl酰-quine喹（俗名尾词）-sporin孢菌素（抗生素词尾）-sulfide硫（化物）-sulfone砜-sulfoxide亚砜-thioicacid硫代酸-thione硫酮-toxin毒-triol三醇-tropin托品（俗名尾词）-urea脲-xanthin黄质-yl基（一价基）-yne炔前缀：hex—表示“六”，后缀：—ane表示“烷烃”；—ene表示“烯烃”；—yne表示“炔”；—yl表示“基”。因此，hexane就是己烷；hexene就是己烯；hexyne就是己炔;hexyl就是己基。另外：—ide表示“……化物”，—ite表示“亚……盐”，—ium—um表示金属元素。医学英语词汇前后缀心heart：cardiao-cardialcardiumcarditiscardiology脑brain：encepholo-;cerebralcerebrumencephalitisencephalology肺lung：pulmo-;pulmonarypulmontitispulmonology肝liver：hepato-;hepatichepatitishepatobiliaryhepatology胃stomach：gastro-;gastricgastritisgastrointestinalgastrology1.人体主要器官前缀胆gallbladder:chole-;biliarycholecystitischolinergiccholecystectomy肠intestine:entero-;intestinalenteritisenterectomyenterology脾spleen:splen-;splenicsplenitissplenectomysplenology胰pancreas:pancreato-;pancreaticpancreatitispancreatectomy肾kidney:nephro-;renal;nephricnephritisnephropathynephrology血blood:hemo-;hematohematologyhemoglobinhematoma血管vessel:vaso-vasopressorcardiovasologyverebrovascular静脉vein:veno-venographyintravenousvenoconstriction动脉artery:arterio-arteriologyarteriolearteriosclerosis肌muscle:myo-mycologymyositismyocarditis2.与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀髓marrow:myel-;myelo-myelocytemyelitismyeloma神经nerve:neur-;neyro-neurologyneuritisneuron细胞cell:cyto-;-cyte;cytologycytomaleukocyte尿urine:uro-;ur-urologyurosurgeryurogenital体body:somato-;somesomatologysomatopsychicchromosome病patho-:/-pathy-pathicpathogenpath