TB3162007Defenseplanagainstextremecontingencies

316DEFENSEPLANAGAINSTEXTREMECONTINGENCIESTaskForceC2.02.24April2007Copyright©2007“OwnershipofaCIGREpublication,whetherinpaperformoronelectronicsupportonlyinfersrightofuseforpersonalpurposes.Areprohibited,exceptifexplicitlyagreedbyCIGRE,totalorpartialreproductionofthepublicationforuseotherthanpersonalandtransfertoathirdparty;hencecirculationonanyintranetorothercompanynetworkisforbidden”.Disclaimernotice“CIGREgivesnowarrantyorassuranceaboutthecontentsofthispublication,nordoesitacceptanyresponsibility,astotheaccuracyorexhaustivenessoftheinformation.Allimpliedwarrantiesandconditionsareexcludedtothemaximumextentpermittedbylaw”.N°ISBN:978-2-85873-006-3TASKFORCEMEMBERSJean-MarieGagnon(CA)ConvenerChapterCoordinatorsWalterLachs(AU)Chapter1PauloGomes(BR)Chapter2MiroslavBegovic(USA)Chapter3BermontTruchon(CA)1/PeterDonalekChapter4GillesTrudel(CA)Chapter5Novosel,Damir(USA)Chapter6Madani,Vahid(USA)Chapter7Chen-ChingLiu(USA)Chapter8MainContributorsMassoudAmin(USA)HarrisonClark(USA)IanDobson(USA)PeterDonalek(USA)RobertGrondin(CA)ShinichiImai(JP)DannyJulian(USA)DanielKarlsson(SW)OysteinKirkeluten(NO)UhlenKjetil(NO)BorkaMilosevic(USA)CarsonTaylor(USA)KhoiVu(USA)LouisWehenkel(BE).ReviewersSandroCorsi(IT)AlfredoVaccaro(IT)1WearesincerelygratefultothelateBermontTruchonforhisimportantcontributionastheinitialauthorofChapter4.AcknowledgementsSincerethankstotheTaskForcemembers,andtothechaptercoordinatorsinparticular,fortheirsupport,dedicatedworkandimmensecontribution,andalsotothereviewersfortheirin-depthcomments.ForewordSecureoperationofpowersystemsinthenewcompetitivemarketenvironmentposesnewchallenges.Inparticular,thereisaneedfordevelopingimprovedmethodsofcopingwithandminimizingtheimpactofextremecontingencies,i.e.contingenciesthataremoreseverethanthenormaldesigncontingencies.Whileafewutilitieshavedevelopeddefenseplanstoprotectagainstsomeoftheextremecontingenciesthatcouldoccurontheirsystems,therearenowidelyacceptedpracticesorproceduresinthisregard.Evenbeforethe2003NortheastblackoutinNorthAmerica,theItalianortheSwedishblackouts,CIGRECommittee38hadrecognizedtheneedtoprovidetheindustrywithanextensivetechnicalreportondefenseplans.TaskForce38.02.24wascreatedwiththeparticipationofinternationalexpertstocarryoutthisimportanttask.WiththereorganizationofCIGRE,C2Committeerecognizedtheoperationalimpactofdefenseplansaswellastheirbenefitstooperationssecurity,andmandatedtheTaskForcetopursueitsworkasTaskForceC2.02.24.Thegeneralgoalwastoconductathoroughreviewofthesubjectandtoprepareacomprehensivetechnicalbrochurethatwouldassisttheindustryasawholeinusingaconsistentandsystematicapproachfordevelopingeffectivedefenseplans.Theresultisthiscomprehensivetechnicalbrochure,DefensePlansagainstExtremeContingencies.Evenifthereismuchdebatearoundsuchsystemsandtheirbenefits,theyaregainingacceptanceworldwidebecauseindustryrecognizestherearenoeconomicalternativestoimprovingsystemsecurityagainstwidedisturbancesandminimizingtheriskofimpendingdisturbancescascadingtowidespreadblackouts.Thereportrevealsthatdefenseplansarenowappliedasanaturalmeanstoimprovepowersystemsecurityandreliability.Asthetechnicalbrochurealsomentions,wearenowintegratingnewtechnologiessuchassynchronizedmeasurementsystems(usingGPSsignals)togetherwithreliabletelecommunicationsystemsactingasakeyenablingtechnologytoenhanceexistingdefenseplanschemesorfacilitatetheirdevelopment.Therefore,anintegratedhierarchicalnetworkcontrolstructureistakingplacealongsidedefenseplansasanintegralpartofoverallsystemdevelopment.Achievingthisvisionandsustaininginfrastructurereliability,robustnessandefficiencyarecriticallong-termissuesthatarestrategictotheC2Committee.LikeotherCIGREcommittees,theC2Committeelooksforwardtothischallengeandwillmandateitsworkinggroupstofocustheireffortsinareasthatprovidetheindustrywithbettertoolsandsystemstosecureoverallsystemoperation.ItakethisopportunitytothanktheTaskForcecontributorsanditsconvener,Jean-MarieGagnon,fortheoutstandingworktheyhavedone.MichelArmstrong,ChairmanofStudyCommitteeC2EXECUTIVESUMMARYThiscomprehensiveTechnicalBrochureprovidesaroadmapforthedevelopmentofdefenseplanstomitigateextremecontingencieswiththeintenttoleadpowersystemprofessionalstoimproveelectricsystemreliabilityandsecurityofthegrid.Thebasicpremiseforprotectionagainstextremecontingenciesisthatafailureinoneareaofthegridshouldnotresultinblackoutselsewhere,andthatsuchsituationscouldbeminimizedbywelldesigned,maintained,operatedandcoordinatedpowergrids.Manyconsiderationsandelementsfromconcepttoapplication—includingengineering,design,implementation,documentation,operationaltrainingandmaintenance—arecoveredin-depth.Thereportoffersbestindustrypracticestomakeuseofsuchschemes.Theindustryhasformanyyearsimplementedthisconceptinseveralpartsoftheworld.However,theadvantagesoftheseschemeshavenotbeenfullyrecognizedduetoperceiveddrawbackssuchasimpactonoperationandmaintenance,unintendedSpecialIntegrityProtectionSchemes(SIPS)action,complextechnicaltrainingforoperatorsandtechnicians,perceivedhighcosts,etc.Newtechnologiesenablecoordinatedwid