英语毕业论文论红字中的孤独因素

OntheAspectsofLonelinessinTheScarletLetter论《红字》中的孤独因素AbstractNathanialHawthorneisanextremelyrenownedAmericanwriteroffiction.Henotonlyhascreatedquietafewclassicnovels,butalsohaswrittenquantitiesofthought-provokingshortstories.Untilnow,HawthorneandhisworkshavebeenthefocusofdiscussionfromtheChineseandforeignscholars.ThethemeofTheScarletLetterischaracterizedbymultiplicityandvariousconclusionsaredraminthefiledofthethematicstudies.Itseemsthatscholarshaveshownmajorconcernwithsuchdiathesisastheoriginalsin,themoralconsciousnessofHawthorne,religiousbelief,individualandsociety,thoughtsoffemaledoctrineandtheconflictbetweentheheadandtheheart.However,veryfewscholarshaveeverdoneathoroughresearchintothelonelinessdiathesisofthenovel.Thesedetailedanalysesfourcharacters’lonelinessandexpresstheaspectsoflonelinessinTheScarletLetter.KeyWordsTheScarletLetter;loneliness;symbol摘要纳撒尼尔．霍桑是美国非常著名的小说家。他不仅创造了若干部经典的长篇小说,而且还书写了数量可观且耐人寻味的短篇小说.至今为止，霍桑和他的作品一直是中外学者讨论的对象。《红字》是霍桑的代表作品，它的主题具有多样性的特点，因此在主题研究领域存在各种不同的结论。大部分学者偏重于探讨小说中的原罪意识、霍桑的道德观念、宗教信仰和女性主义思想、个人与社会的关系以及大脑和心灵之间的冲突等因素,而对小说中孤独因素的深入研究并不多见。本文分析小说中的四位主人公各自的孤独感，表达霍桑在小说《红字》中体现的孤独因素。关键词《红字》；孤独；象征IntroductionTheScarletLetterwasdeclaredaclassicalmostimmediatelyafteritspublicationin1850,andithasstayedinprintandinfavoreversince,ithasbeenhailedbothasthefirstsymbolicnovelandasthefirstpsychologicalnovel.ButwhatreallysecurestheplaceofTheScarletLetterintheliteraryhistoryisitstreatmentofhumannature,sin,guilt,andpride-alltimeless,universalthemes-fromauniquelyAmericanpointofview.Therearemanydifferentcommentsandcriticismandonthewriter’sfamilybackground,thenovelmultiplethemesandwritingstyles,thenovel’ssocialandhistoricalbackdropstogetherwiththenovel’ssignificanceinsocietyandliterature.Thisarticlehasdoneathoroughresearchintotheaspectsoflonelinessinthenovel.Thethesisistoelaboratefourcharacters’loneliness:Hester,Chillingworth,DimmesdaleandlittlePearl.Theyarehavingdifferentloneliness.Hesterisalonelypursuerforlove;Chilingworthisalonelyrevenge-seeker;Dimmesdaleisalonelybeggarforgod’sgrace;Pearlisalonelychildaskingforrecognition.TherearemanysymbolicrepresentationsinTheScarletLetter.Suchasnames,appearancesofthecharacters,somespecialeventsandactions,thesecansymbolizeloneliness.I.ABriefInformationaboutHawthorneandTheScarletLetter.A.ABriefIntroductionaboutHawthorneHawthornewasbornonthefourthofJuly,1804inSalem,Massachusetts.Someofhisancestorswerebigshotsinseventeenth-centuryNewEngland,whichwasunderthecontrolofPuritanism.Oneofthemwasacolonialmagistrate;notoriousforhisparticipationinthepersecutionofQuakers,andanotherwasajudgeattheSalemWitchcraftTrailin1692.Gradually,thefamilyfortunedeclined.Hawthorne’sfatherwasaseacaptain,whodiedinanaccidentandlefthismotherandhimbehindtostruggletoliveforthemselves.NathanielHawthorneisanextremelyrenownedAmericanwriteroffiction.HermanMelvilleevenhailshimasthe“AmericanShakespeare”.HeisthefirstAmericanwritertodefinehisworksasromance;hisromanticwritingisalandmarkoftheromanticperiodinAmericanliterature.Besides,Hawthorneisoneoftheforefathersofsymbols.Hawthorne’sworksmainlyincludefourromances:TheScarletLetter,TheHouseofTheSevenGables,TheBlithedaleRomance,andTheMarbleFaun,Threehortstoriescollections:Twice-ToldTales,MossfromanOldManse,andTheSnow-ImageandOtherTwice-ToldTales,andtwomythcollection:AWonder-BookforGirlsandBoysandTanglewoodTalesforGirlsandBoys.B.ABriefContentsaboutTheScarletLetterThestoryofTheScarletLetterisatriangularloveaffairsetintheSeventeenth-CenturyBoston,thenapuritansettlement.AnagingEnglishscholarsendshisbeautifulyoungwife,HesterPrynnebyname,tomaketheirnewhomeinNewEngland.Butforunknownreasons,thehusbandhasnotjoinedherinthecolony.Theconsensusisthathehasbeenlostatsea.Whilewaitingforherhusband,HesterlovedwithArthurDimmesdale,herpuritanminister,andhasgivenbirthtoachild,pearl.TheloveaffairbetweenHesterandDimmesdaleresultsinadultery.Hesterconfessesbutrefusestorevealthenameofthechild’sfather.Asapunishment,sheissentencedtothreehoursonthescaffoldandalifetimeofwearingascarletletter“A”onherchest,themarkofhershame.Whentheelderlyhusbandcomesovertwoyearslater,heisbewilderedtoseehiswifeinpillory,wearingthescarletletter“A”onherbreast,holdingherillicitchildinherarms.Thewrongedhusband,whosepridehasbeendeeplywounded,isdeterminedtoseekouttheadultererandvowsrevengeonthemanwhohascuckoldedhim.TheoldscholarthedisguiseshimselfasaphysicianandchangeshisnametoRogerChillingworth.Gradually,hediscoversthatthevillainisnootherthanthemuch-admiredbrilliantyoungclergyman,ArthurDimmesdale.Thoughweigheddownbythesecretknowledgeofhisandhypocrisy,Dimmesdaleisfearfuloftheconsequencesofconfession,whichwouldbemoreseverefortheminister.Hedealswithhisguiltbytormentinghimselfphysicallyandpsychologically,developingaseriousheartconditionasaresult.Inthemeanwhile,hisconscienceisruthlesslypreyeduponbyChillingworth.Dimmesdalecutshimselfofffromcommunitywithersspirituallyaswellasphysically.Ontheotherhand,Hester’sresponsetothescarletletter“A”andhersinisapositiveone.Thoughlivingonthefringeofthecommunityandsufferingsocialostracism,she