国际商务函电 7

ChapterSevenTermsofPaymentBusinessLettersObjectivesToknowaboutpaymenttermsTolearnthephrasesandexpressionsaboutpaymentTolearnhowtowriteabusinessletteraboutpaymentBusinessLettersPaymentisoneofthemostimportantstepsininternationaltrade.Termsofpaymentisdirectlyrelatedwiththebenefitsofbothsidesofthebuyerandseller.Themethodofpaymentforeachtransactionistobeagreeduponbetweenthetwotradingpartiesatthetimeofplacinganorder.Generally,therearethreecommonlyusedmethods:L/C(letterofcredit),collectionandremittance.WiththedevelopmentofInternetandmodernE-commerce,OnlinePaymentisusedwidely.I.IntroductionBusinessLetters国际贸易结算--国际商品（货物）的结算主要包括三方面的内容：1、国际贸易结算的信用工具creditinstruments2、国际贸易结算的方式modes3、国际贸易结算的单据documentsBusinessLetters1.CreditInstruments（国库券treasurybond、公司债券debenture、政府债券governmentbond、银行券banknote和票据notesorbills）Internationalsettlement票据：NotesorBills(BillofExchange,PromissoryNotes,Check)票据是具有一定格式、有付款人到期对持票人或者其指定人无条件支付确定金额的信用凭证。BusinessLetters2.ModesofinternationalsettlementRemittance汇款Collection托收LetterofCredit信用证LetterofGuarantee银行保函Stand-byLetterofCredit备用信用证BusinessLetters•LetterofCreditisakindofpaymentterm,anditisaneffectivemeanstosolvethecommercialcreditcrisisbetweenbuyersandsellers.L/Cisabankcredit,anditsdevelopmentimpelsthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.•PaymentissometimesmadebycollectionthroughbanksunderthetermsofDocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)orDocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A).ThereareD/PatsightandD/Paftersight.D/Aisalwaysaftersight.UnderD/Ppaymentmethod,thesellerinstructshisbanktosendthedocuments,alongwiththedraft,tothebuyer’sbankortoacorrespondentbankinthebuyer’svicinity.Healsoinstructsthereceivingbanktopresentthedrafttothebuyerforpayment.Whenthebuyerpaysthesightdraft,theinstructionsstatethatthecorrespondentbankisauthorizedtoreleasetheaccompanyingdocumentstothebuyer.Thebuyerobtainsthetitledocuments,namelythenegotiablebillsoflading,onlyafterhepaysthesightdraft.BusinessLetters•Sometimesweacceptthetermsofpaymentbyremittance,whichmeansthebuyerhimselfremitsmoneytothesellerthroughabankcontracted.Therearethreekindsofremittance:mailtransfer(M/T),telegraphictransfer(T/T)anddemanddraft(D/D).Generally,onlywhenthetransactionsarerathersmallandthefinanceinvolvedissmalltoocanremittancebeaccepted.Samplespostage,commissionsandlittleorderpaymentareusuallyadoptedT/Tpayment.BusinessLetters3.Documentsusedininternationalsettlement*CommercialInvoice/Paper商业发票PackingList装箱单CertificateofOrigin产地证*InsurancePolicy保险单*MarineBillofLading,B/L海运提单CombinedTransportDocument,CTD复（联）合运输单据AirwayBill空运单RailwayBill铁路运单BusinessLettersLegalBasis法律基础国际结算和法律密切相关，涉及有关的国际法、国内法和国际惯例。BusinessLetters国际法InternationalLaw1.《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》UnitedNationsConventionOnContractsFortheInternationalSalesofGoods2.联合国《国际汇票和国际本票公约草案》、《国际支票公约草案》3.《日内瓦统一汇票、本票法公约》和《日内瓦统一支票法公约》___《日内瓦统一法》BusinessLetters国内法domesticlaw1.《中华人民共和国票据法》1995年5月10日2.《中华人民共和国外汇管理条例》1996年1月8日3.中国人民银行制定的《结汇、售汇及付汇管理规定》BusinessLetters国际惯例InternationalCustom（Practice）1.《跟单信用证统一惯例》UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit,ICCPublicationNo.500,UCP5002.《托收统一规则》UniformRulesforCollection,URC5223.《见索即付保函统一规则》UniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,URDG4581~3国际商会InternationalChamberofCommerce制定4.《国际保付代理惯例》CIFC,1994国际保理商联合会制定BusinessLetters当代国际贸易结算的特点1.凭单付款2.非现金结算3.以银行为中心的国际结算体系4.结算单据多样化和EDI(ElectronicDataInterchange)BusinessLetters全球性帐务清算和资金转移网络有3个：1.环球银行间金融电讯协会SocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication,SWIFT(Brussels)2.交换银行互相收付系统ClearingHouseInterbankPaymentSystem,CHIPS(NewYork)3.交换银行自动收付系统ClearingHouseAutomatedPaymentSystem,CHAPS(London)BusinessLettersTheOperationflowBusinessLettersII.WordsandExpressionsBusinessLetters1.Banks•Merchants'Bank招商银行•BankofChina中国银行•IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina中国工商银行AgricultureBankofChina农业银行ConstructionBankofChina建设银行CitiBank花旗银行CommunicationsBankofChina交通银行PudongDevelopmentBank浦东发展银行ShenzhenDevelopmentBank深圳发展银行HKBC汇丰银行StandardCharteredBank渣打银行TheCITICBank中信银行•ChinaInternationalTrustandInvestmentCorporationBusinessLetters2.WordsandPhrases•discount•贴现•draft•汇票•PromisoryNote•本票•cheque•支票•cleanbill•光票•documentarybill•跟单汇票BusinessLetters•SightBill•即期汇票•TimeBill•远期汇票•UsanceBill•远期汇票•CommercialBill•商业汇票•Banker'sBill•银行汇票BusinessLetters•CommercialAcceptanceBill•商业承兑汇票•Bankers'AcceptanceBill•银行承兑汇票•invoice•发票•PerformerInvoice•形式发票•SampleInvoice•样品发票•ConsignmentInvoice•寄售发票BusinessLetters•CertifiedInvoice•证明发票•Manufacturers'Invoice•厂商发票•remittance•汇付•Mailtransfer(M/T)•信汇•DemandDraft(D/D)•票汇BusinessLetters•Atsight•即期，见票即付•At...days(month)aftersight•付款人见票后若干天（月）付款•At...dayssight•付款人见票后若干天即付款•At...daysafterdate•出票后若干天付款•At...daysafterB/L•提单签发后若干天付款BusinessLetters•DocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)•付款交单•DocumentsagainstPaymentatSight(D/Psight)•即期付款交单•DocumentsagainstPaymentafterSight(D/Psight)•远期付款交单•DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)•承兑交单•sales-purchasing•促销，推销•CashAgainstPayment•凭单付款BusinessLetters•TelegraphicTransfer(T/T)•电汇•collection•托收•cleanBillforCollection•光票托收•DocumentaryBillforCollection•跟单托收•UniformRulesforCollection•《托收统一规则》BusinessLetters•CollectionAdvice•托收委托书•AdviceofCle