2011届英语二轮专题复习课件：阅读理解(1)人物传记类(湖南专用)

专题一人物传记类专题一│人物传记类专题导读人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙，插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节复杂化。真题再现[2010·湖南]WhenMaryMoorebeganherhighschoolin1951，hermothertoldher，“Besureandtakeatypingcoursesowhenthisshowbusinessthingdoesn’tworkout，you’llhavesomethingtorelyon.”Maryrespondedintypicalteenagefashion.Fromthatmomenton，“theverylastthingIeverthoughtaboutdoingwastakingatypingcourse，”sherecalls.Theshowbusinessthingworkedout，ofcourse.Inhercareer，Marywonmanyawards.Onlyrecently，whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain，didsheregretignoringhermom.“Idon’tknowhowtouseacomputer，”sheadmits.Unlikeher1995autobiography，AfterAll，hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanawardwinningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病)．AllthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfortheJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation(JDRF)，anorganizationsheservesasinternationalchairman.“Ifelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis，”shesays.“Ididn’twanttolecture，butIwantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe’reselfcontrolledanddoourpartinmanagingthedisease.”Butshehasn’talwayspracticedwhatsheteaches.Inherbook，shedescribesthatawfulday，almost40yearsago，whenshereceivedtwopiecesoflifechangingnews.First，shehadlostthebabyshewascarryingandsecond，testsshowedthatshehaddiabetes.Inachildlikeact，sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts(甜甜圈)．Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowup—again—andtakecontrolofherdiabetes，notletitcontrolher.Onlythendidshekickherthreepackadaycigarettehabit，overcomeheraddictiontoalcohol，andbegintofollowabalanceddiet.Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor，sherefusestofallintoselfpity.“Everybodyonearthcanask，‘whyme？’aboutsomethingorother，”sheinsists.“Itdoesn’tdoanygood.Nooneisimmune(免疫的)toheartachepain，anddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.I’vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI’vegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”()1.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?A.Shedidn’tachieveherambition.B.Shedidn’ttakecareofhermother.C.Shedidn’tcompleteherhighschool.D.Shedidn’tfollowhermother’sadvice.()2.Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary________.A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawardsC.knewhowtouseacomputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting()3.Mary’ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther________.A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusinessC.serviceforanorganizationD.remembranceofhermother()4.WhenMaryreceivedthelifechangingnews，she________.A.lostcontrolofherselfB.beganabalanceddietC.triedtogetatreatmentD.behavedinanadultway()5.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Maryfeelspityforherself.B.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.C.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.D．Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了玛丽·摩尔职业生涯及与病魔之争。1.D细节理解题。根据第二段Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregretignoringhermom.“Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer，”sheadmits.可判断选D。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段“Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.”可判断选B。3.A细节理解题。根据第三段“hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanawardwinningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病)．”可判断选A。4.A细节理解题。根据第四段“Inachildlikeact,sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts(甜甜圈).Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowup—again—andtakecontrolofherdiabetes,notletitcontrolher.”可判断选A。5.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的MaryMoore所说的话“I'vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI'vegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C。专题预测(一)RogerYonchienTsien(bornFebruary1,1952)isanAmericanbiochemistandaprofessorattheDepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Hewasawardedthe2008NobelPrizeinchemistryforhisdiscoveryanddevelopmentofthegreenfluorescentprotein(GFP)withtwootherchemistsOsamuShimomuraandMartinChalfie.Tsienhadanumberoftopengineersinhisextendedfamily,includinghisfatherHsueChuTsien，whowasamechanicalengineerandhismother’sbrotherswhowereengineeringprofessorsatMIT.BothofTsien’sparentscamefromZhejiangProvince,China.ThefamousrocketscientistTsienHsueshen,regardedastheco-foundingfatherofJPLofCaltechandlaterthedirectoroftheChineseballisticmissileprogram,isacousinofTsien’sfather.Tsien’sbrotherRichardTsienisalsoarenownedscientistatStanford.Tsien,whocallshisownworkmolecularengineering,oncesaid,“I’mdoomedbyhereditytodothiskindofwork”.HeattendedHarvardUniversityonaNationalMeritScholarship,wherehewaselectedtoPhiBetaKappaasajunior.Aftercompletinghisbachelor’sdegree,hejoinedthePhysiologicalLaboratoryattheUniversityofCambridgeinCambridge,EnglandwiththeaidofaMarshallScholarship.HereceivedhisPhDinphysiologyfromChurchillCollege,UniversityofCambridgein1977.HewasaResearchFellowatGonvilleandCaiusCollege,UniversityofCambridgefrom1977to1981.AcademiccareerAftercompletinghisPhDatCa