【名师指津】2015年高考英语总复习 阅读写作微记能20 代词在阅读理解中的两种考法课件 新人教版

在阅读语篇中我们常常遇到一些代词，如it,they,that,this,which,as,so等，其中it,that,this等代词在语篇中出现的频率较高，它们不仅能起指代作用，用来代替上下文涉及到的人、事或物，同时还能起到承上启下，体现语篇中各个句子之间的衔接关系。代词在阅读理解中的两种考法代词一般是“回指”前面提到过的某一事物或内容。如：Ourcurtainslookdirty.Theyneedagoodwash.(They回指ourcurtains)但有时也“预指”后面出现的某一事物或内容。如：Ishallsaythistoyou:heisanhonestman.(this预指冒号后面的heisanhonestman)高考的阅读理解题中有关代词的指代关系的考查，主要有两类：1.直接要求考生指出代词所指的具体内容[例1](2013广东)However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.•InParagraph2,theunderlinedword“that”refersto______.A.beinggoodatsomethingB.settingapracticalgoalC.puttinginmoretimeD.succeedinginlife解析：选B。本题考查要求考生弄清that指代的内容，“除此之外”中的“此(that)”到底是指什么？当然是回指前句中的setagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical，故选B。2.间接考查考生对代词指代内容的把握因为代词在上下文或上下句中起语义的衔接作用，在解答某些细节题时，如果不弄清代词的指代内容，就很难选出正确的答案。解题中，考生需要利用代词的回指或预指来理清上下句的衔接关系，从而找到问题的答案。•[例2](2009广东)Itwashardtolifther.Shewasjustout.Buthemanagedtoraiseherthefourfeettotheplatformsothatbystanderscouldholdherbythegrinsanddragherawayfromtheedge.ThatwaswhereLisabrieflyregainedconsciousness,feltherselfbeingpulledalongtheground,andsawsomeoneelseholdingherpurse.•WhendidLisabecomeconsciousagain?A.Whenthetrainwasleaving.B.Aftershewasbackontheplatform.C.Afterthepoliceandfireofficialscame.D.Whenamanwascleaningthebloodfromherhead.解析：B。解答本题的关键是理解“ThatwaswhereLisabrieflyregainedconsciousness(那就是丽莎苏醒的地方)”中的that到底是指什么。结合前句，不难看出that是回指theplatform的，故正确选项是B。•1.Theunderlinedword“that”refersto“_____”.A.hearinglossB.usingaspecialmicrophoneC.lip-readingD.attendingacourseonlipreading即学即用解析：C。结合that所在句的句意及上下文意义的衔接，可知that是回指lip-reading。•2.Somefriendshipsdon’tlastlongbecause____.A.therearetoomanypeoplewhowanttomakefriendsB.somepeoplereceivefriendshipbutdon’tgivefriendshipbackC.thosewhogiveothersfriendshipreceivefriendshipfromothersD.theydon’tknowfriendshipissomethingserious解析：B。因Thatiswhy…中that是回指前面一句的内容，故选B。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inreferto?A.Thebeach.B.Thewater.C.Theboat.D.Thewind.解析：D。本题要求考生弄清it是回指文中的什么内容，从上文中abeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater可知，it指的是thewind，所以答案是D。•4.Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen______.A.theyoffertheirhelpB.theyreceiveothers’helpC.theyfeelothers’kindnessD.theyshowtheirweakness解析：A。解答本题的关键是理解此段最后一句中的代词it到底是指什么。结合上文可知，它就是回指的是前文中的“holddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat”，人们的这些行为概括地说，就是offertheirhelp，故正确选项是A。•5.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen______.A.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.theymisunderstoodeachother’ssignalsD.theyareintroducedatanearlyage解析：C。解答此题的关键是理解Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite中的代词this到底是指什么。根据行文逻辑，可知this是回指(betweenthecatanddog)fighting，即“猫狗打架”的一个原因是它们的“肢体讯号是相反的”，讯号相反就容易误解，当双方误解了对方的肢体讯号时就会打架。故正确选项是C。名师指津