新版轮机英语unit9 Operating and maintenance of ME

Lesson9OperationandmaintenanceofmainEngine理解柴油机的备车、起动和换向了解柴油机的维护Operatingprocedures•Medium-speedandslow-speeddieselengineswillfollowafairlysimilarprocedure（程序）forstartingandmaneuvering(操纵）.•Wherereversinggearboxesorcontrollable-pitchpropellersareusedthenenginereversingisnotnecessary.•Ageneral（大体的）procedureisnowgivenforengineoperationwhichdetails（详述，详细）themainpointsintheircorrectsequence（序列，程序）.•Whereamanufacture’sinstructionbookavailablethisshouldbeconsulted（参考）andused.•Consultant顾问Preparationsforstandby•1.Beforealargedieselisstarteditmustbewarmedthrough（暖机）bycirculatinghotwaterthroughthejackets,etc.•etc.etcetra(=andsoon)等等,及其他•Thiswillenablethevariousenginepartstoexpandinrelationtooneanother.•Expansiontank•2.Thevarioussupplytanks,filters,valvesanddrainsarealltobechecked.•3.Thelubricatingoilpumpsandcirculatingwaterpumpsarestartedandallthevisiblereturnsshouldbeobserved.•4.Allcontrolequipmentandalarmsshouldbeexaminedforcorrectoperation.•5.Theindicatorcocks(示功考克）areopened,theturninggearengagedandtheengineturnedthroughseveralcompleterevolutions.•Inthiswayanywaterwhichmayhavecollectedinthecylinderswillbeforcedout.•6.Thefueloilsystemischeckedandcirculatedwithhotoil.•7.Auxiliaryscavengeblowers,ifmanuallyoperated,shouldbestarted.•8.Theturninggearisremovedandifpossibletheengineshouldbeturnedoveronairbeforeclosingtheindicatorcocks.•9.Theengineisnowavailableforstandby.•Thelengthoftimeinvolvedinthesepreparationswilldependupon(由…决定）thesizeoftheengine.Enginestarting•1.Thedirectionhandleispositionedaheadorastern.•Thishandlemaybebuiltintothetelegraph（车钟）replylever.•Thecamshaftisthuspositionedrelativetothecrankshafttooperatethevariouscamsforfuelinjection,valveoperation,etc.•2.Themaneuveringhandleismovedto“start”.Thiswilladmitcompressedairintothecylindersinthecorrectsequencetoturntheengineinthedesireddirection.•Aseparateairstartbuttonmaybeused.•3,Whentheenginereachesitsfiringspeedthemaneuveringhandleismovedtotherunningposition.•Fuelisadmittedandthecombustionprocesswillaccelerate(加速）theengineandstartingairadmission（允许进入）willcease.Enginereversing•Whenrunningatmaneuveringspeeds:•1.Wheremanually（手动的）operatedauxiliaryblowersarefittedtheyshouldbestarted.•2,Thefuelsupplyisshutoff（切断）andenginewillquicklyslowdown•3.Thedirectionhandleispositionedastern(倒车）.•4.Compressedairisadmittedtotheenginetoturnitintheasterndirection.•5.Whenturningasternundertheactionofcompressedair,fuelwillbeadmitted.•Thecombustionprocesswilltakeoverandairadmissioncease.Whenrunningatfullspeed:•1,Theauxiliaryblowers,wheremanuallyoperated,shouldbestarted.•2,Fuelisshutofffromtheengine.•3,Blasts（一阵，一股）ofcompressedairmaybeusedtoslowtheenginedown.•4,Whentheengineisstoppedthedirectionhandleispositionedastern•5,Compressedairisadmittedtoturntheengineasternandfuelisadmittedtoacceleratetheengine.•Thecompressedairsupplywillthencease.Maintenance•Dieselengineareremarkable(非常的）simpleinprinciple（原理，原则）andrequirelittleinthewayofroutine（常规，日常的）maintenance,althoughwhatlittleisrequiredisessentialtoalonglife.•Thenozzles（喷油嘴）oftheengineshouldwhennecessarybefreedfromcoke（积碳）,which,especiallywhenheavyfueloilscontainingasphalt（沥青）areused,maydepositaroundandinthenozzleholes.•Ifthesedepositsbecomesolargethatthesprayingofthefueloilisimpaired（削弱）,thecombustionwillbepoorandtheexhaustsmoky.•Theengineshouldberegularly(有规律的，定期的）cleanedandinspected.Howoftenthisshouldbedone,depends,ofcourse,principally（主要的）ontheworkingconditions,•andtheengineerinchargeoftheengineshouldthereforeformanideahimselfofthisguidedbyexperience（经验）andmakeoutaschedule（时间表）ofnecessaryoperations(维修计划）,Thefollowingschedulemaybeusefulasaguide.•Itassumesordinaryrunningconditions,carefulattendanceandtheuseofsuitablelubricatingandfueloils.•Afurtherconditionisthattheengineiswellrunin.Whennecessary:•1.Cleanthenozzles.•2.Cleanthelubricatingoilfiltersandseethattheirstrainerinsertsarefreefromdefects（缺损）.•3.Thelubricantnipples（滑油嘴）ofthescavengingpump-fittedateachvalveshaftbearingandatthebearingandcatchdeviceofthemaneuveringsegment–arelubricatedwithgrease（润滑脂）fromtimetotime.•Someofthelubricantnipplesarelocatedundertheprotectingcap.(Doesnotconcern（涉及，关系到）turbochargedengines)•Afterabout300hours’running:•1.Cleanthefueloilfiltersandseethattheirstrainerinsertsarefreefromdefects•2.Cleantheairintake（入口）strainer.•3,Checkthetightening（紧固，上紧）ofthestay–bolt（撑杆螺栓）nutsfirsttime（首先）andafterwards（然后）onceyearly.•4.Lubricantionofthelubricatingnipplesonthecontrolboard(whensuchoccur).•Afterabout2000hoursrunning:•1.Inspectthestartingandsafetyvalves•2.Removeandcleantheworkingpistons.•Checkthecompressionchamberandmeasurethecylinderliners.•Replacewornpistonandscraperrings(刮油环）.Whenrenewingpistonrings,placetheminthelowergrooves.•3.Cleanthescavengingandexhaustports.(Note:Underunfavorable不利的workingconditionsifthefueloilused,isofapoorerquality,amoreregularcleaningofpistons,scavengingandexhaustportsmaybenecessary.)•4.Inspecttheringpistonblower.Dismountthechargevalvesorvalvecoversandinspectingcovers.•Checkthepiston“slackness”（松紧度）andtheminimumdistancebetweenpistonwin