英美概况(之英国文学)

Unit5BritishLiteratureAnglo-SaxonPeriod盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066)Anglo-NormanPeriod(MiddleAges)盎格鲁-诺曼时期（1066—1485）TheRenaissance文艺复兴时期（15世纪后期—17世纪初）The17thCentury17世纪文学(AgeofRevolutionandRestoration)TheEnlightenment启蒙时期（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）TheRomanticism浪漫主义时期（1798-1832）TheCriticalRealism批判现实主义时期（19世纪30年代-1918）TheModernPeriod现代主义时期（1918-1945）ContemporaryEnglishLiterature当代文学（1945-至今）TheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)ITheRenaissance(1500-1660)IITheNeo-ClassicalPeriod(1660-1785)IIITheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IVTheModernPeriod(1914-1945)VITheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)VThePostmodernPeriod(1945-)VIIGeneralKnowledgeInpractice,worksofliteraturefallintofourcategoriesorgenres:–narrativefiction–drama–poetry–non-fictionproseTheBookerPrizeTheBookerPrize(布克小说奖)waschangedintoTheManBookerPrizeforFiction(曼布克小说奖)in2002aliteraryprizeawardedeachyearforthebestoriginalfull-lengthnovelwritteninEnglishbyacitizenoftheCommonwealthofNations,Ireland,ortheU.S.A.(since2002)Theprizemoney:raisedto£50,000in2002underthesponsorshipoftheManGroup.TheManBookerPrizeforFictionIn1971,thenatureofthePrizewaschangedsothatitwasawardedtonovelspublishedinthatyearinsteadofinthepreviousyearThemostimportantawardfornovelsallovertheworld.HistoryoftheEnglishLanguageBritishLiteratureITheOldEnglishPeriodTheMiddleEnglishPeriodElizabethanDramaThe17thCenturyThe18thCenturyTheOldEnglishPeriodTheearlyBritishliteratureisverydifficultfornativeEnglishspeakerstounderstandtoday,becauseitiswrittenintheOldEnglish,whichisSpokenuntilaround1066ClosertoitsGermanrootsWorkswrittenintheOldEnglish:TheBookofKellsandBeowulfTheOldEnglishPeriodMuchearlyBritishwritingwasconcernedwithChristianityAnglo-saxonsproducedbeautifullyillustrated(orilluminated)versionsofthebibleThemostfamous:TheBookofKells(凯尔斯书)keptinTrinityCollegeinDublin凯尔斯书•四部福音书，内有精美的手抄饰画，约在公元7世纪后期开始制作，8世纪完成。•被誉为全世界最美丽的书,现珍藏于都柏林三一学院•以丰富的图案与缤纷的色彩，描绘花体字、螺旋线条、花叶漩涡、动物图案等等，如编织地毯般将书页装饰得无以复加•黑暗中世纪欧洲最闪耀的艺术精品TheOldEnglishPeriodBeowulf贝尔武甫Beowulftellsthestoryofthe6thcenturySwedishwarriorBeowulfandhisconflictwithafamilyofdragons.ItisthefirstlongpoeminEnglish:morethan3,000linesThesceneisnotEnglandbutDenmark.OldEnglishliterarywork:thenationalepicBeowulf—AlongpoemfromAnglo-SaxonstimesTheOldEnglishPeriodThegreatfeastinghallohKingHrothgar,theDane,israidedbyrepeatedlybyGrendal,afrightfulseamonster.BeowulfcomesfromSwedentoaidHrothgar.HeslaysGrendaland,inanunderseastruggle,alsokillsGrendal’smother.InlateryearsBeowulf,Kingofhisownland,diesinanactofkillingfiredragonthatismenacinghispeople.Whatisanepic?It’salongnarrativepoemcelebratingthegreatdeedsofoneormorelegendaryheroes,majesticinthemeandstyle.Itdealswithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance.Thehero,usuallyprotectedbyorevendescendedfromGods,performssuperhumanexploitsinbattleorinmarvelousvoyages,oftensavingorfoundinganation.Homer’sEpics:IliadOdysseyFeaturesalliterationmetaphorsunderstatementsBeowulfAlliteration•Alliteration（押头韵）istherepetitionoftheinitialconsonantclusterinstressedsyllables,ortheoccurrenceofthesameletterorsoundatthebeginningofadjacentorcloselyconnectedwords.e.g.descendingdewdropsnowandneverPennywise,poundfoolish.捡了芝麻，丢了西瓜;小事聪明,大事胡涂;贪小便宜吃大亏Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew。和风吹荡，水花飞溅。Thefurrowfollowedfree.船儿破浪前进。Islip,Islide,Igloom,Iglance.我滑动，我流淌，我暗淡，我闪光。Metaphor(隐喻,暗喻)•Afigureofspeechinwhichanimpliedcomparisonismadebetweentwounlikethingsthatactuallyhavesomethingincommon.Ametaphorexpressestheunfamiliarintermsofthefamiliar.–Alltheworld'sastage.整个世界一台戏。–Mylifeisonelongcurve,fullofturningpoints.–Myheartisalonelyhunterthathuntsonalonelyhill.Understatement（低调陈述）Afigureofspeechinwhichawriterorspeakerdeliberatelymakesasituationseemlessimportantorseriousthanitis.•Iamjustgoingoutsideandmaybesometime.(CaptainLawrenceOates,beforewalkingoutintoablizzard暴风雪tofacecertaindeath,1912)•Asoiledbaby,withaneglectednose,cannotbeconscientiouslyregardedasathingofbeauty.“(Marktwain)•It'sjustafleshwound.(BlackKnight,afterhavingbothofhisarmscutoff,inMontyPythonandtheHolyGrail)LanguageThepoetuses‘picture-names’forthethingsandpeoplehedescribes.ship:sea-wood,sea-walkerroughsea:whale’sroadbody:bone-houseking:ringgiverBeowulfTheme:thepoempresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeoplewagestrugglesagainstthehostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader.Hero:wisdom;strength&courage;responsibility,readydeathforhispeopleThemiddleages(1066-1485)•WiththeNormanconquestin1066BritainenteredtheMiddleAges,andthelanguageofroyalcourtbecameFrench.SoliteratureofthattimewaswritteninLatinorFrench.•Oneexeption:TheCanterburytaleswaswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucerinEnglish(MiddleEnglish).ItismadeupofaseriesofstoriestoldbypilgrimstoentertaineachotherontheirwaytotheimportantChristianchurchatCanterburyinsoutheastEngland.GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)杰佛利·乔叟ThefirstcourtpoettowriteinEnglish(MiddleEnglish).“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”“英国诗歌之父”ThefounderofEnglishrealismThefirstoccupantofthePoets’CornerThefirstonewhointroducedfromFrenchtheheroiccouplet英雄双韵体intoEnglish英国文学史上现