高考英语相似、同义、近义词汇精讲精练(共25页)

1高考英语相似、同义、近义词汇讲与练精选练习（一）1.Wecan't_____onetochangethehabitsofalifetimeinashorttime.A.hopeB.waitC.expectD.imagineexpect期望，盼望，表示认为有很大的客观可能性，例如：IexpecttheworktobefinishedbyFriday.（我期望这项工作能在星期五前做完。）waitfor...todosth.等待、等待......做......，强调“等”这一动词的本身，如：Theaudiencearewaitingeagerlyfortheperformancetobegin.(观众正等着演出开始。)本题如改为这样：Iwaitedforhimtoarriveintimefordinner,buthedidn'tcome.(我等他来赶上晚餐，但他没有来。)由此可见，expect是表示“期待”，而waitfor是表示“等待”，词义完全不同。注意hope后不能接sb.todosth.imaginebeingonthemoon.例如：I’msorry,butIcan'timagineanyonedoingresearchlikethat.本题译文：我们不能期望一个人在这样短的时间内改变一辈子养成的习惯。2.Thenoisewasso_____thatonlythosewithexcellenthearingwereawareofit.A.dimB.softC.faintD.gentlefaint(=weak,indistinct;notclear)“微弱的，模糊的，不清楚的”。Dim(=notbright,notclearlytobeseen)不亮的，看不清的；thedimlightofacandle(微弱的烛光)。3.Hislandladygavehimaweek's_____toleavetheflat.A.threatB.noticeC.adviceD.cautionnotice预先通知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：giveone'semployeeamonth'snotice(通知雇员一个月后离职)。本题译文：他的女房东通知他一周后从套间搬走。4.Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,_____attheotherstore.A.anyoneB.theothersC.thatD.theones代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators；因特指，故用theones.5.WhenItookhistemperature,itwastwodegreesabove_____.A.averageB.ordinaryC.regularD.normalnormal正常的；ordinary普通的；average平均的；regular有规律的，定期的。6.Itisclearthatthewholeworldispassingthroughasocialrevolutioninwhichacentral_____mustbetakenbyscientistsandtechnologists.A.processB.attentionC.measureD.parttakepartin参加。2本题译文：显然，整个世界正经历着一场社会革命；科学家和技术人员必定是这场革命地主要参加者。7.Theseplasticflowerslookso_____thatmanypeoplethinktheyarereal.A.beautifulB.naturalC.artificialD.similar8.WhenIworkedasthegeneralmanagerofthefirm,Isometimeshad_____tovisitLondononbusiness.A.opportunityB.possibilityC.occasionD.chanceoccasion作可数名词时，意为“时机”，作不可数名词时，意为“必要”，本题中occasion意为“必要”。从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity(难得的)机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion.9.Themostimportant_____ofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallworkwhole-heartedlyforthepeople.A.elementB.spotC.senseD.pointpoint(=chiefideaofsth.said,done,orplanned)要点；论点，主旨：Idon'tseeyourpoint.(我不明白你的意思。)Hesaidnothingtothepoint.(他说的不切题。)10.Ithasalwaysbeenthe_____ofourfirmtoencourageworkerstotakepartinsocialactivities.A.planB.campaignC.procedureD.policypolicy(尤指政党、政府、大企业、商行等的)政策，方针。campaign(政治或竞选的)运动；（军事的）行动，procedure做事的手续、程序，plan计划，均不合题意。本题译文：本公司的一贯方针是鼓励工人参加社会活动。11.IrememberherfacebutIcannot_____whereImether.A.recallB.remindC.rememberD.remarkrecall(=bringbacktothemind)想起，回忆起：ButIreallycan'trecallyournameathismoment.remindsb.of...使......想起：1)Thephotoremindsmeofmylatefather.(这张照片使我想起已故的父亲。)2)ThesightoftheclockremindedmethatIwaslate.remindsb.tosth.提醒......做......；Pleaseremindmetowritetheletter.12.Hehaslefthisbookhereon_____,sothatyoucanreadit.A.purposeB.intentionC.aimD.meaningonpurpose是介词习语，意为“故意地”。如用intention,则应说byintention故意地。13.Theopenuniversitywasstartedinordertohelpthosewho_____havingauniversityeducationwhentheywereyoung.A.stoppedB.failedC.missedD.ceasedmissdoingsth.没有做某事：Imissedseeingthefilmwhenitwasshownatschool.(学校放映那部电影时，我没有能去看。)14.Wewon'tknowwhetheritwillbesuccessful.Wewon'tknowwhethertherewillbegood_____.3A.endsB.resultsC.effectsD.causesresult意为“由某种活动或某种原因所产生的结果”，如：obtain(=get,attain,gainwin,secure)goodresults（取得好结果），publishtheresults（公布成绩）。15.ComradeLiDazhao,_____librarianofBeijingUniversity,wasoneofthefoundersoftheChineseCommunistParty.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimessometime(=former)过去的，以前的：AliceBrown,asometimepupilofourschool,isnowateacherthere.16.Thepatientsbelievethatthedoctorknowsexactlyhowtoputthem_____.A.correctB.perfectC.rightD.wellputsth./sb.right纠正；治好，使恢复健康：Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantoputthemattersright.(既然人类已造成了如此巨大的损害，人类有责任纠正这种状况。)又如：Thismedicinewillsoonputyouright.(这药很快会使你恢复健康。)其他3个选择均不能与put构成习语，故不能入选。本题译文：病人相信医生清楚地知道怎样治好他的病。17.Andyoufindthatyou'renottobe_____withapositionofrealresponsibility.A.offeredB.trustedC.furnishedD.retainedtrustsb.withsth.把某事托付给某人truststhtosb：Ican'ttrusthimwithmycar.(我不能把我的车托付给他。)本题译文：你认为不会把真正有责任的工作托付给你。18.Shegotmarriedalthoughherparentshadnotgivenhertheir_____.A.allowanceB.consentC.permitD.appreciationconsentn.同意，赞成；consent(to)vi.同意，如：consenttoaplan(同意一项计划)。allowance津贴。permit执照，许可证permissionn允许。19.AtfirstBobwaspuzzledbyVirginiaswaving,butthenit_____hismindthatshewastryingtotellhimsomething.A.crossedB.passedC.occurredD.openedcross(enter)one'smind想起：1)Asuddenthoughtcrossedmymind.2)Itnevercrossedmymindthathemightrefusetherequest.(我从来没有想到他可能会拒绝这个请求。)如用passthrough,例如：WhenJanedidnotcomehomebymidnight,manyterriblefearspassedthroughMother'smind.(=MotherthoughtofmanythingsthatmighthavehappenedtoJane.)occur的用法如下：1）Thatviewofthecasedidnotoccurtomebefore.(对这个案件的那种看法以前我没有想到过。)2）Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.(她想到，她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。)关于想起的以上三种表达法考生务必弄懂熟记。这些词组和句形不仅在词汇测试中经常遇到，而且在短文写作时也可以使用。本题译文：起初鲍玻对弗吉尼亚的挥手致意感到迷惑，但后来他想到，她想告诉他某事。420.Whencollegestudents_____futureemployment,theyoftenthinkofstatus,income,andprestige.A.demandB.assumeC.applyD.anticipateanticipatevt预料，期望，预望：ThefirstquestionisonetheJohnhasanticipated.(第一个问题是约