2018年12月四级真题三

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstartingacareeraftergraduation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）说明：由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Afewmonthsago,Iwasdownwithaterriblecoldwhichendedinapersistentbadcough.Nomatterhowmanydifferent26Itried,Istillcouldn’tgetridofthecough.Notonlydidit27myteachingbutalsomylifeasawhole.Thenonedayafterclass,astudentcameuptomeand28traditionalChinesemedicine.Fromherdescription,Chinesemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpowerthatworkedwonders.Iwas29becauseIknewsolittleaboutitandhavenevertrieditbefore.Eventually,mycoughgotsomuch30thatIcouldn’tsleepatnight,soIdecidedtogiveitatry.TheChinesedoctortookmypulseandaskedtoseemytongue,bothofwhichwerenew31tomebecausetheyarebothnon-existentinWesternmedicine.Thenthedoctorgavemeascraping(刮)treatmentknownas‘GuaSha’.Iwasalittle32atfirstbecauseheusedasmoothedgedtooltoscrapetheskinonmyneckandshoulders.Afewminuteslater,the33strokesstartedtoproducearelievingeffectandmybodyandmindbeganto34deeperintorelaxation.Ididn’tfeelanyimprovementinmyconditioninthefirstcoupleofdays,butafterafewmoreregularvisitstothedoctor,mycoughstartedto35.Then,withinamatterofweeks,itwascompletelygone!注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IsitreallyOKtoeatfoodthat’sfallenonthefloor?[A]Whenyoudropapieceoffoodonthefloor,isitreallyOKtoeatifyoupickitupwithinfiveA)deepenB)experiencesC)hesitantD)inconvenienceE)lessenF)licensesG)pressuredH)recommendedI)remediesJ)scaredK)sensitiveL)sinkM)temporaryN)trembleO)worseseconds?Anurbanfoodmythcontendsthatiffoodspendsjustafewsecondsonthefloor,dirtandgermswon’thavemuchofachancetocontaminateit.Researchinmylabhasfocusedonhowfoodbecomescontaminated,andwe’vedonesomeworkonthisparticularpieceofwisdom.[B]Whilethe‘five-secondrule’mightnotseemlikethemostpressingissueforfoodscientiststogettothebottomof,it’sstillworthinvestigatingfoodmythslikethisonebecausetheyshapeourbeliefsaboutwhenfoodissafetoeat.[C]Soisfivesecondsonthefloorthecriticalthreshold(门槛)thatseparatesapieceofeatablefoodfromacaseoffoodpoisoning?It’sabitmorecomplicatedthanthat.Itdependsonjusthowmanybacteriacanmakeitfromfloortofoodinafewsecondsandjusthowdirtytheflooris.[D]WonderingiffoodisstillOKtoeatafterit’sdroppedonthefloorisaprettycommonexperience.Andit’sprobablynotanewoneeither.Awell-known,butinaccurate,storyaboutJuliaChildmayhavecontributedtothisfoodmyth.Someviewersofhercookingshow,TheFrenchChef,insisttheysawChilddroplambonthefloorandpickitup,withtheadvicethatiftheywerealoneinthekitchen,theirguestswouldneverknow.[E]Infactitwasapotatopancake,anditfellonthestovetop,notonthefloor.Childputitbackinthepan,saying,“Butyoucanalwayspickitupandifyou’realoneinthekitchen,who’sgoingtoseeit?”Butthemisrememberedstorypersists.It’shardertopindowntheoriginsoftheoft-quotedfive-secondrule,buta2003studyreportedthat70%ofwomenand56%ofmensurveyedwerefamiliarwiththefive-secondruleandthatwomenweremorelikelythanmentoeatfoodthathaddroppedonthefloor.[F]Sowhatdoessciencetellusaboutwhatafewmomentsonthefloormeansforthesafetyofyourfood?Theearliestresearchreportonthefive-secondruleisattributedtoJillianClarke,ahighschoolstudentparticipatinginaresearchprojectattheUniversityofIllinois.Clarkeandhercolleaguesintroducedbacteriatofloortiles(瓷砖)andthenplacedcookiesonthetilesforvaryingtimes.Theyreportedbacteriaweretransferredfromthetilestothecookieswithinfiveseconds,butdidn’treportthespecificamountofbacteriathatmadeitfromthetilestothefood.[G]Buthowmanybacteriaactuallytransferinfiveseconds?In2007,mylabatClemsonUniversitypublishedastudyintheJournalofAppliedMicrobiology.Wewantedtoknowifthelengthoftimefoodisincontactwithacontaminatedsurfaceaffectedtherateoftransferofbacteriatothefood.Tofindout,weintroducedbacteriatosquaresoftile,carpetorwood.Fiveminutesafterthat,weplacedeitherbaconorbreadonthesurfacefor5,30or60seconds,andthenmeasuredthenumberofbacteriatransferredtothefood.Werepeatedthisexactprocedureafterthebacteriahadbeenonthesurfacefor2,4,8and24hours.[H]Wefoundthatthenumberofbacteriatransferredtoeitherkindoffooddidn’tdependmuchonhowlongthefoodwasincontactwiththecontaminatedsurface—whetherforafewsecondsorforawholeminute.Theoverallnumberofbacteriaonthe