刚果金矿产介绍(法语版)

MineralRessources:ExplorationandMiningByPatrickThierryKAKWATANGUZAGeologist,InternalAuditoratCAMIDemocraticRepublicofCongoMinistryofMinesIhavereceivedtheinvitationfromtheOrganizersofthisTCDC2005tointroducetoyouourcountryrealities.Onbehalfofmycountry,IwouldliketoexpresssincerethankstotheOrganizersforthisgestureandit’sdemonstrationoffaith,confidence,andunderstandingtowardsourcountryLocationTheDemocraticRepublicofCongo(D.R.C)islocatedatthecentralpartofAfrica.Crossedbytheequator,ithasmainlyanareaofabout2.345.000squareKm.D.R.Cisbourderedtoninecountries.AdministrativeSubdivision•Capitalcity:Kinshasa•BasCongoprovince•BandunduProvince•EquateurProvince•WesternKasaiProvince•EasternKasaiProvince•EasternProvince•NorthKivuProvince•SouthKivuProvince•ManiemaProvince•KatangaProvinceGeologyArchean:•KasaiorCongocratonknownintheKasaiProvince(CentralCongo)andthenorth-westernpartoftheEquateurProvince.GeologyPaleoproterozoic•Lukoshian:KasaiProvince•BangweuluBlockorUbendianBelt:KatangaProvince•Kibalian:KivuandEasternProvinces•Zadinian:Bas-CongoProvince•Ganguian:EquateurProvinceGeologyMesoproterozoic•KibaranBeltorKibarides(formerlyKibaro-Burundian):ExtendingfromKatangaProvincetotheManiemaandbothKivuProvinces•Likibembian:EasternProvince•Mayumbian:Bas-CongoProvinceGeologyNeoproterozoic•KatanganBelt:KatangaProvince•Bushimayan:KasaiProvince•Lindian:KivuandEasternProvinces•West-congolian:Bas-CongoProvinceGeologyPhanerozoic•Continentalsedimentaryrocksessentially•Karooformations(UpperPaleozoic)•‘CuvetteCentrale’(MesozoicandCenozoic)•FillingoftheUpembaandEaternAfricaRift(Cenozoic)GeologyThemajorityofknownmineraldepositsdiscoveredbyrudimentarymethodsasfollows:Cu-Co-AuU-GeTa-Nb-SnTa-Nb-SnTa-Nb-ORDia-Cr-Ni-OrDia-Or-FeAl-P-Cu-DiaDia-OrDiaDia:diamondCu:copperCo:CobaltZn:ZincU:UraniumAl:AluminumP:PhosphatesNb:NiobiumSn:EtainTa:TantalumNi:NickelCr:ChromeAu:OrAndassociatedmineralsMineralisations•Archaen:Itabirites(Fe)KasaiandBas-CongoProvinces•Paleoproterozoic:GoldessentiallyKibalien,Lukoshienandzadinien:Eastern,KasaiandBas-CongoProvinces•Mesoproterozoic:Sn(Cassiterite)andassociatedminerals,PlatiniumGroupMineralsandREE(RareEarthElementmainlyinMonasite),Gold…Katanga,Maniema,Kivu,Bas-CongoandEasternProvincesMineralisations•Neoproterozoic:-Cu-Co-U-Pb-Zn-CuKatangaandBas-CongoProvinces•Phanerozoic:AlluvialdepositsofGold,Diamond,Sn…CoaldepositsintheKarooformationsBitumendepositsintheKisanganiseriesPetrolinthe‘CuvetteCentrale’andAtlanticcost(Bas-Congo)andintheEasternAfricariftregion(Kivu)MineralisationsMineralisationsassociatedwithmagmatism•TwoKimberlitefieldsknown:KasaiandKatanga(KundelunguPlateau)KasaikimberlitesareintrusiveintheKasaiCratonandtheKundelungukimberlitesareintrusiveintheKatanganbeltandBangweulublock•Carbonatite:KivuProvince•Tingranites(intheKibaranbelt):KatangaManiemaandKivuProvincesExploration•DuringcolonialtimemainlyCudepositwerediscoveredintheKatangaProvincebyUnionMinièreduHautKatanga.•Afterindependence,BureaudeRechercheGeologiqueetMinière(BRGM)continuedwiththeexplorationactivities.•After1970explorationandminingactivitiesaredonebyprivatecompaniesActualSituation•TheD.R.Cisstillpoorlyinvestigated•Thereisneedofmoreexplorationworktobedonee.g.DiamondinKatanga,GoldinEasternProvince,Cu-CoinBasCongo,Petrolin‘CuvetteCentrale’….•GoodGovernance:Themostsignificanteventintheminingsectoristhereviewoftheminingpoliciesasresultofthegoodgovernance:Year2002:NewminingCodeYear2003:MiningRegulationsThesuppressionoftheMiningConventionRegimeinfavourofasinglecommonmininglawthatplacesalloperatorsonalevelplayingfield.AcleardefinitionoftherolethattheStateshouldplaypartinthemineralresourcesdevelopment.Theintroductionofclearandobjectiveconditionswithrespecttothegranting,renewing,andrecoveryofminingtitle.Inthisregard,thereceptionofapplicationsforminingtitlesandthemanagementofsuchtitlesiscarriedoutinafullytransparentmannerbyanewlycreatedmodernandindependentMiningDeedsOffice,(theCadastreMinierorCAMIforshort).MiningCodeInnovationsTheestablishmentofnewfiscal,customs,andexchangecontrolconditionsspecificallyfortheminingsector.Thereductionintheleveloftaxationpreviouslygeneratedbytheexportofcommercialproductsfromtheminingsector.Theestablishmentofmineralsecurityrightstoprotectinvestmentcollateral.AguaranteeforminingtitleholderstofreelytransferfundsgeneratedbytheirminingactivitiesoutsidetheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.TheintroductionofmodernenvironmentallegislationtoreduceandcontrolthenegativeimpactofminingactivitiesonthepeopleandenvironmentoftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.ThisaspectoftheCodeiscrucialasaconditionforinvestmentbyexternalfinancialinstitutionsintoday’smodernworld.TheintroductionoflegislationtogoverntheactivitiesofSmallScaleMiningandTailingsRetreatmentprojects.MiningCodeInnovationsCompetitiveandAttractiveMiningCodeTheprovisionsmadeintheCoderelevanttothefiscalandcustomsregimedemonstratethatwithrespecttoeconomicmodelingoftheinternalrateofreturn,theDRCisrankedinthetenthmostfavourablepositionintheworld,andinthethirdmostfavourablepositioninAfrica.TheProspectingactivitiesare