英语必修五：UNIT5-Writing

如何写指导性说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式对事物的状态、性质、功能等进行介绍，或是阐明事理，给人提供知识的一种文体。知识性、科学性是说明文的主要特点。指导性说明文属于说明事理类文体，它旨在为读者提供未知的知识和原理，使读者阅读后对文章所写事物有所了解，或掌握解决问题的方法，是一种实用性很强的文体。【写作指导】1.时态：说明文的时态常用一般现在时。2.语言：语言要准确、简洁、周密。语言风格可以生动活泼，也可以平实简明，但必须以准确为前提。3.结构：先对需要说明的对象作总的概括介绍，然后导入具体的说明，也就是在文章开头提出需要说明的事物或观点，然后加以列举说明，使文章表达清晰、条理清楚、层次分明。【常用表达】下列这些表达可以使你的说明更有条理：First,second,third,atlast...First,next,then,finally...Firstly/Firstofall/Tobeginwith,...Secondly,....Besides/Inaddition,...Lastbutnotleast...结尾常用表达：Wecandrawtheconclusionthat...Inshort/Inbrief/Inaword,...Itseemsclearthat...Wecanknow/learnthat...【实战演练】假设你是李华，你们学校的英语网站正面向全校学生征集有关急救常识的英文稿件。请你给该网站投稿，介绍交通事故方面的急救常识。内容包括：1.首先保持镇静；2.检查伤者呼吸情况，呼吸困难要实施人工呼吸；3.如伤者有出血情况要用布按压止血，然后等候救护车及警察的帮助。注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.词数不少于100。【参考范文】FirstaidforaccidentsIfwehappentowitnessanaccident,whatshouldwedotosaveotherpeople’slives?Knowinghowtorespondproperlycanmakeabigdifference.Herearesomerulesthatwecanfollow.First,weshouldstaycalm.Next,wecanasksimplequestionssuchas“AreyouOK?”tomaketheperson’sconditionclear.Then,weneedtochecktheperson’sbreathing.Ifitisdifficultforhimtobreathe,weshouldtrytostarthisbreathingrightawaywiththemouth-to-mouthmethod.Also,ifapersonisbleeding,weneedstopthebleedingbypressingonthewoundwithacleancloth.Alltheabovedone,wecanstaywiththepersonuntilthepoliceandambulancearrive.通过学习这篇写作指导，你掌握指导性说明文的写作方法了吗？试着根据要求自己写一篇，然后与范文对照，找出其中的不足并加以改进。相信你的写作水平会越来越高！Writealettertoyourprincipalpolitelyaskingwhetherheorshecouldorganizethefirstaidcourses.Dear___________,Ourclasshasbeenstudyingaunitonfirstaid,_______________________________________________________________________________________.Writeyourprincipal’snameSaywhythefirstaidunithasbeenuseful.ithasbeenveryusefulbecausewehavelearntaboutwhattodotohelpsomeonewhohashadanaccidentEventhoughtheunithasbeenveryinterestinganduseful,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Saywhyyouwouldlikeafirstaidcourse.wewouldliketobeabletodoafirstaidcourse.Afirstaidcoursewouldgiveusinformationaboutmanymoresituations.Itwouldalsogiveusinformationaboutmanymoresituations.Itwouldalsogiveusthechancetopractisefirstaidtreatments.Wewouldliketorequestthat_________________________________.Wethinkthatafirstaidcourseattheschool____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Yourssincerely,_____________Saywhatyouwanttheprincipaltodo.Summarizewhyafirstaidcoursewouldbeagoodthingtodo.Signyournames.theschoolorganizesafirstaidcourseisanecessarypartofoureducationandwillmakeusmoreusefulmembersofoursociety.Perhapswewillevensavesomeone’slifeonedayDear(yourprincipal’sname),Ourclasshasbeenstudyingaunitonfirstaid.Ithasbeenveryusefulbecausewehavelearntaboutwhattodotohelpsomeonewhohashadanaccident.Samplewriting:Eventhoughtheunithasbeenveryinterestinganduseful,wewouldliketobeabletodoafirstaidcourse.Afirstaidcoursewouldgiveusinformationaboutmanymoresituations.Itwouldalsogiveusthechancetopractisefirstaidtreatments.Wewouldliketorequestthattheschoolorganizesafirstaidcourse.Wethinkthatafirstaidcourseattheschoolisanecessarypartofoureducationandwillmakeusmoreusefulmembersofoursociety.Perhapswewillevensavesomeone’slifeoneday.Yourssincerely,(Signyournames)