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1名词讲解及练习Name:______________一、名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名词LuXun,China,Handan,WTO…普通名词可数名词个体名词表示一类人或物的个体apple,pencil,doctor,teacher集体名词表示一群人或一类物的集合体people,family,team,class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air,sand,water,rain抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念peace,friendship,happiness二、名词的数名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。1.单数变复数的规则情况构成方法例词一般情况直接加smap-maps/bag-bags/car-_________以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加esbaby-babies/family-__________以s,sh,ch,x等结尾直接加esbus-buses/watch-_________以f或fe结尾变f或fe为veswife-wives/knife-_________部分以o结尾的有生命名词加eshero-heroes/tomato-_________【注】①ch读/k/时,其复数形式应加s,如stomachs(胃,腹部)②常见的以o结尾要加es的有如下几个:hero,Negro,tomato,potato,mango,可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。③以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下:妻子拿刀去宰狼,小偷吓得着发了慌,躲进架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。22.不规则复数形式构成方法例词a变eman-men,woman-_________,policeman-___________,Frenchman-_________oo变eetooth-teeth,foot-_________,goose-_________ouse变为icemouse-mice,louse-_________词尾加renchild-children单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,people【注】①man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时,要把man,woman和其他部分都变成复数,如manteacher–menteachers,womandoctor-________________;②不规则复数形式的记忆口诀:男女警察英法人,都是将man变成men。脚、牙oo变ee,child加上ren。鹿和绵羊是一家,单变复时不变化。3.“某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变,其余s加后边”国家名国籍单数复数China中国人aChinesetwoChineseJapan日本人aJapanesetwoJapaneseEngland英国人AnEnglishmantwoEnglishmenFrance法国人aFrenchmantwoFrenchmenAustralia澳大利亚人anAustraliantwoAustraliansRussia俄国人aRussiantwoRussiansItaly意大利人anItaliantwoItaliansGreece希腊人aGreektwoGreeksAmerica美国人anAmericantwoAmericansIndia印度人anIndiantwoIndiansCanada加拿大人aCanadiantwoCanadiansGermany德国人aGermanstwoGermansSweden瑞典人aSwedetwoSwedes三、名词所有格在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加's表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。31.有生命的名词所有格(1)单数名词的所有格加’s。如:Mother’sDay_____________thelittlegirl’sdoll_____________(2)以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加’。如:Teachers’Day_____________thestudents’books_____________(3)姓氏以s结尾,也可直接加’。如:Jones’office琼斯的办公室(4)不规则的复数名词变所有格加’s。如:children’sbooks儿童读物Women’sDay_____________(5)表示两人共有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。如:莉莉和露西的爸爸___________________约翰和玛丽的课桌_________________(6)表示两人各自所有时,则两个专有名词都要用所有格形式,而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如:王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸__________________________露西的房间和莉莉的房间__________________________2.无生命的名词所有格(1)无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示,如:thelegofthetable_____________thecoverofthebook_____________(2)表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有,如:China’sfuture_____________today’snewspaper_____________十分钟的路程_____________两周的假期_____________3.双重所有格双重所有格就是将of结构与’s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用,如:afriendofTom’s_____________afriendofmine_____________4.表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词,如:atJohn’s(home)_____________atthedoctor’s(office)_____________atthebarber’s(shop)_____________趁热打铁一找出下列笑话中的可数名词,并写出其复数形式:Inthemarket,abuyeraskedaseller“Howmuchisthiscat,please?”“100dollars.”“Butyouonlyaskedfor20dollarsyesterday!”“Yes,that’strue.Butthiscatateabirdlastnightandthebirdwasworth80dollars!”二找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:homework______half______advice______money______knowledge______boot_____music______chicken________mouth______bread_______information______milk_____cow_______orange________water________三选择填空:1.Thedeerhasfour______.4A.footB.feetC.feetsD.foots2.Hertwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemenD.policemens3.Therearefour_____andtwo______inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,Germans4.Two______wouldcometothevillage.A.woman-doctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctors5.Canyouseenine_____inthepicture?A.sheepB.dogC.pigD.horse6.The_____hastwo______.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch7.Theboyoftenbrusheshis_____beforehegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths8.TheJapanese____willnotleaveChinauntilshefinishesherstudy.A.womanB.womenC.manD.men9.Therearelotsof_____inthebasketonthetable.A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss10.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices四名词所有格练习:1.__________________________(李明的父母)workinabighospital.2.Thisis__________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)3.________________________________(John和Sally的母亲)areAmerican.4.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.5.Isthis___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔)?6.Theyare___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老师).7.___________________________(教师节)isonSeptember10th.8.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅)areverynew.9.Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).10.____________________________(赵敏的鞋)arewhite.五名词复数形式和数词的练习:1.Thereare___________________________(58个学生)inourclass.2.Thereare___________________________(22个孩子)intheroom.3.Icansee____________________________(六杯茶)onthetable.4.Thereare____________________________(44位女老师)inherschool.5.Wecansee__________________________________(18个妇女)overthere.6.______________________________(多少幅画)arethereinyoubedroom?7.Ihave________________________________(3本字典).8.Ourschoolhas_________________________________(2个图书馆).9.Thereare___________________________________(12个月)inayear.10.Thereare______________________________(13辆公共汽车)onthestreet.
本文标题:名词讲解及练习
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