6-8讲：英汉互译实践与技巧

英汉互译实践与技巧第一讲翻译简论第二讲英汉语言对比研究第三讲Diction遣词用字第四讲Amplification增词法第五讲Omission省略法第六讲Conversion转换第七讲Restructuring结构调整第八讲ThePassiveVoice被动语态第九讲Affirmativevs.Negative肯定与否定第十讲NominalClauses名词性从句第十一讲AttributiveClause定语从句第十二讲AdverbialClause状语从句第十三讲LongSentences长句的翻译实用文体翻译1：简历实用文体翻译2：求职信实用文体翻译3：通知实用文体翻译4：致辞实用文体翻译5：企业或学校简介实用文体翻译6：新闻英语实用文体翻译7：考研英语实用文体翻译8：论文题目、摘要实用文体翻译9：科技英语第六讲Conversion转换一、教学重点：1.词类和句子成分转换2.转换的必要性和灵活应用二、教学内容：1.英译汉的常用词类转换形式2.汉译英的词类转换Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式1、ConvertingintoVerbsFamiliesupstairshavetocarrypailstothehydrantdownstairsforwater.住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。1）NounsConvertedintoVerbsThesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭己被用来探索宇宙。Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式2）PrepositionsConvertedintoVerbsAforceisneededtomoveanobjectagainstinertia.为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要个力。Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是霜淡的油灯。3）AdjectivesConvertedintoVerbsDoctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示，但是我必须小心谨慎。4）AdverbsConvertedintoVerbsWhentheswitchisoff,thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesn'tgothrough.当开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。Inthiscasethetemperatureinthefurnaceisup.这种情况下，炉温就升高。2、ConvertingintoNouns1）VerbsConvertedintoNounsSuchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。2）AdjectivesConvertedintoNounsTheydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。Inthefissionprocessthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式3）PronounsConvertedintoNounsThespecificresistanceofironisnotsosmallasthatofcopper.铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthanthoseofpreviousones.这次实验的结果比前儿次的实验结果部好得多。Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式3、ConvertingintoAdjectives1）NounsConvertedintoAdjectivesThepallorofhefaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingathemoment.她苍自的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。Thisexperimentwasasuccess.这个实验很成功。2)AdverbsConvertedintoAdjectivesEarthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。Thepressureinsideequalsthepressureoutside.内部的压力和外部的压力相等。4、ConvertingintoAdverbs1）AdjectivesConvertedintoAdverbsAhelicopterisfreetogoalmostanywhere.直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。Below4℃waterisincontinuousexpansioninsteadofcontinuouscontraction.水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。2)NounsandVerbsConvertedintoAdverbsIhavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求己得到批准。Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。5、ConversionofSentenceElementsAsthematchburns,heatandlightaregivenoff.火柴燃烧时发出光和热。(fromthesubjecttotheobject)Thissortofstonehasarelativedensityof2.7.这种石头的相对密度是2.7。(fromtheobjecttothesubject)Thebabydoubleditsweightinayear.婴儿的体重一年中长了一倍。(fromthesubjecttotheattributive)Shebehavesasifshewereachild.她的举止像是个孩子。(fromthepredicatetothesubject)Ⅱ.ConversioninChinese-EnglishTranslation汉译英的词类转换1、ConvertingVerbsintoOtherPartsofSpeech徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。XuBeihong'sdrawingsofhorsesareexceptionallygood.(v.n.)绝对不许违反这个原则。Noviolationofthisprinciplecanbetolerated.(v.adj.+n.)他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。Theykeptonfightinginspiteofallthedifficultiesandsetbacks.(v.prep.phrase)你熟悉这种晶体管放大器的性能吗?Areyoufamiliarwiththeperformanceofthistypeoftransistoramplifier.(v.adj.)Ⅱ.ConversioninChinese-EnglishTranslation汉译英的词类转换2、ConversionbetweenOtherPartsofSpeech该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。Theproductsofthisfactoryarechieflycharacterizedbytheirfineworkmanshipanddurability.(adj.+n.v.)我们的教育方针，应该使受教育者在德育、智育、体育几方面都得到发展，成为有社会主义觉悟、有文化的劳动者。Oureducationalpolicymustenableeveryonewhoreceivesaneducationtodevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysicallyandbecomeaworkerwithbothsocialistconsciousnessandculture.(n.adv.)Practice:Withthepassageoftime,myadmirationforhimgrewmoreandmore.Myaudiencevariedfromtenstothousands.语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。Practice:随着时间的消逝，我对他越来越敬慕。（我对他仰慕之情与日俱增）我的听众少则几十人，多则数千人。（听我演讲的人数从几十人到数千人不等）Themasteryoflanguageisnoteasyandrequirespainstakingefforts.Theadoptionofthisnewdevicewillgreatlycutdownthepercentageofdefectiveproducts.Practice:Sincehelosthisjob,he'sbeenaloner.Imarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.Highbloodpressureisacontraindicationforthisdrug.Theseproblemsdefyeasyclassification.Hehadsurfacedwithlessvisibilityinthepolicydecisions.Practice:他失业以后，就很不合群了。雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊异。高血压患者忌服此药。这些问题难以归类。在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。第七讲Restructuring结构调整一、教学重点：1.英汉语言的词序差异2.英汉翻译中的结构调整二、教学内容：1.英汉语言的词序差异2.英汉翻译中的结构调整3.汉英翻译中的结构调整Ⅰ.DifferentWordOrderinEnglishandChinese英汉语言的词序差异Mostoftheinformationwehavegotisthroughthatchannel.我们得到的大部分消息是通过那个渠道获得的。Hisaddressis3612MarketStreet,Philadelphia,PA.19104,USA.他的地址是美国宾法尼亚州费城市场街3612号，邮政编码19104。Myunclepassedawayinhospitalat2:30