虚拟语气用法大全

虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure)，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑doubt等等。WhatisSubjunctiveMood?虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1.虚拟条件句2.名词性从句的虚拟语气3.虚拟语气的其他用法If条件句主句与现在事实相反did(be动词用were)would(或could,should,might)do与过去事实相反haddonewould(或could,should,might)havedone与将来事实相反或可能相反did(were)shoulddoweretodowould(或could,should,might)do一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。1）IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.2）Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.1）Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.2）IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.1)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.2)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.3)Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。eg:Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytirednow.Ifshedidn’tlovedriving,shewouldn’thavebecomeataxidriver.3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome1)Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.2)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.3)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.4.with,without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise,or引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟1)Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.2)Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。3)Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.要不是害怕，她会拒绝的。eg:1)Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butIambusynow.2)Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.3)Iambusynow,otherwiseIwouldhelpyou.4)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownothingaboutit.5)Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?1)Ifhe______drunk,hewouldn'thavelostcontrolofthecar.A.wasn'tB.weren'tC.hasn'tbeenD.hadn'tbeen2)Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad4)_______Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having3)_______totelluseverything,wecouldtrytosolvehisproblem.A.IfheisB.WereheC.HadheD.Behe5)____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.Hadhegone6)Ifwe____heretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.A.arrived/wouldcatchB.arrived/wouldhavecaughtC.hadarrived/hadcaughtD.hadarrived/wouldhavecaught7)IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadD.wouldhave8)Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow9)___,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.Ihadbeenyou10)Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：1.在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋(should）＋动词原形，如：1).Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeheld.2)Thesuggestionthatthemeetingshouldbeheldwasrejected.3)Itwassuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeheld.4)Thesuggestionisthatthemeetingshouldbeheld.5)Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.6)Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.suggest等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+do,这类动词的字头记忆口诀为:Idropcaps.具体为:insist,demand,desire,request(请求),require,order,propose(建议),command(命令),ask(要求),advise,prefer,suggest注意:1)IinsistedthatJohnhaddoneit.IinsistedthatJohn(should)doit.eg:Herexpressionsuggestedthatshewasangry.insist1)表示坚持认为2）表示坚持要求某人该…真实语气虚拟语气2)Iinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.Suggest表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotoschoolatonce.2.在It’sstrange/important/necessary/surprisingthat…句式中,that从句的谓语动词用(should)+do,如:注意：在这种句子中绝不可用“would”、“must”“could”等。eg:1)It’sstrangethathe(should)notcome.2)It’simportantthatyou(should)askyourparentsforadviceaboutyourwork.1)Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring2)Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten4)Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarrive5)Heinsistedthathe___mebefore.A.seeB.shouldseeC.hadseenD.saw6)Itisreallystrangethatthegirl___soearly.A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry8)ItisimportantthatI___withMr.Williansimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak7)HeinsistedthatJohn___it.A.doB.doesC.didD.woulddo9)Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegivenElcondorpass-PaulSimonI’dratherbeasparrow（麻雀）thanasnail（蜗牛）.YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.I’dratherbeahammer（铁锤）thananail（钉子）.YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.Away,I'drathersailawayLikeaswan（天鹅）that'shereandgoneAmangetstiedhisfeetonthegroundItgivestheworldIt'ssaddestsound,It'ssaddestsound.I'dratherbeaforestthanastreet.YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.I'dratherfeeltheearthbeneathmyfeet,YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：1.wish后的宾语从句：1)与现在愿望不一致主语＋过去时；2)与过去愿望不一致主语＋had＋过去分词；3)与未来愿望不一致主语＋would（could,should,might）＋原形。eg:1)Iwish(that)Iwereyou.2)IwishIhadvisitedtheWhiteHousewhenIwasintheStates.3)IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.2.Ifonly引起的感叹句1