高中英语派生词 (2)

英语快速记忆－构词法•语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造出一些新的词，而新的词的产生，大抵服从语法的法则，有其规律可循。语言的这种弃旧创新不断完善和发展的过程体现出一种规律--构词法（word-formation）。Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurse构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝＋＝color-blind＋＝sleep-walksleep-walker1.合成名词(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard(2)adj+ncentralbankfastfood空调血压所得税信用卡中央银行快餐solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一词washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式by-producteditor-in-chief太阳系遥控洗衣机驾驶执照副产品主编2.合成形容词(1)过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)动词的ing或另一词构成long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)3.合成动词及合成副词overeatbaby-sitempty-handed吃得太多看孩子一无所获的•加前缀：happy---___happy•加后缀：develop---develop_______•既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）派生法（Derivation）---词缀法1.前缀:Pre-（前）Pre-reading,preview预习,prepay预付Re-(重新)Rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-（不）disagree,dislike,disappearin/im-（不）incorrect,impossiblemis–（错误或失当）super-（超级）mini-（微小）misunderstand,misleadsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibusforetell,forecast预言；预告;预测；预报post–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先)semicircle,semi-final半决赛semi-(半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止，抗)underground,under-develop发育不全under-（在……下，在……中）2.常见的后缀1).名词后缀：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,ability,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhood手足情谊；兄弟关系；action,solution,conclusion如：-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary军事的,voluntary2）.形容词后缀：3）.副词性的词缀：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.recordn.记录v.记录LiuXiangbrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Helikestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是misunderstand缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)确认；鉴定；识别；身份的证明USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)1.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.5.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)foreignerssatisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation11.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspokenboilingkindnessexpensesbusiness17.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)uncorrected未改正的Romanshonestynoisily附：类比构词（Word-FormationbyAnalogy）•例如workaholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）则是类比hijack（拦路抢劫）hijacker（强盗）而成，故都属类比词。一.数字、色彩类比•数字类比，例如，美国总统夫人在英语中称FirstLady（第一夫人），通过该词美国人又联想类比出FistFamily（第一家庭）。FirstMother（第一母亲）等词。就连总统的爱犬也身价倍增，获得了FirstDog（第一狗）的殊荣，可谓一人得道，鸡犬升天。•色彩类比，例如，BlackPower（黑人权力）最初是美国黑人在争取自身权力斗争中提出的政治口号，后为美国其他少数种族所借用。为了反歧视争平等。印第安人提出了RedPower，美籍墨西哥人也提出了BrownPower。另外，老年人为维护自身权益则提出GrayPower.美国英语中还因美元为绿色钞票而类比出greenpower一词，借指“金钱的力量”。greenpower虽与上述种种Power风马牛不相及，但同属色彩类比，甚是有趣，亦含幽默。一.数字、色彩类比•再看一例，较早出现的blue-collar（蓝领阶层的）和white-collar（白领阶层的）分