英语：《英语构词法知识》课件

英语单词记忆方法与技巧英语构词法知识Word-formation构词法构词法知识Derivation派生法Compound合成法Conversion转化法掌握基本的构词法知识，对于正确地识记单词，扩大词汇量，提高记忆速度和记忆效果，培养自学能力，具有非常重要的意义。简略词合成词缩略词Compound合成法把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成法合成法1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成。方法概念方式1.复合形容词的构成2.复合名词的构成。3.其他复合词的构成。复合形容词的构成方式例词形容词＋形容词red-hot，bitter-sweet,dark-blue形容词＋名词first-class,full-time,part-time,second-hand,bare-foot形容词＋现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,hard-working形容词＋过去分词ready-made形容词＋名词-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded名词＋名词-ediron-willed名词＋形容词world-famous，snow-white,seasick，lifelong名词＋现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,time-saving名词＋过去分词man-made,water-covered,snow-covered,hand-made副词＋形容词ever-green,over-sensitive副词＋现在分词hard-working,far-seeing，far-reaching,well-meaning副词＋过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known数词＋名词five-year,数词＋名词+形容词five-year-old,six-inch-tall数词＋名词-edfour-legged,six-storied,two-faced,four-corneredred-hot，bitter-sweet,dark-bluefirst-class,full-time,part-time,second-hand,bare-footgood-looking,free-thinking,hard-workingready-madegood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-bloodediron-willedworld-famous，snow-white,seasick，lifelongbeauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,time-savingman-made,water-covered,snow-covered,hand-madeever-green,over-sensitivehard-working,far-seeing，far-reaching,well-meaningwell-prepared,quickly-cured,well-knownfive-year,five-year-old,six-inch-tallfour-legged,six-storied,two-faced,four-cornered现成的炽热自由思维铁的意志晕船终身美容爱好求职省时省力水覆盖常绿，过度敏感远看到意义深远善意的充分准备快速固化，两面，复合名词的构成方式例词名词＋名词horseback,newspaper,cell-phone形容词＋名词back-yard,forehead，greenhouse,blackboard动名词＋名词hiding-place,reading-room动词＋副词get-off,break-in,breakdown,breakup副词＋动词output,overflow动词＋名词pickpocket,副词＋名词overcoat,inland代词＋名词he-goat,she-wolf名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief,father-in-lawhorseback,newspaper,cell-phoneback-yard,forehead，greenhouse,blackboardhiding-place,reading-roomget-off,break-in,breakdown,breakupoutput,overflowpickpocket,overcoat,inlandhe-goat,she-wolfeditor-in-chief,father-in-law手机温室，break-in中断breakdown故障breakup解体output,输出overflow泛滥pickpocket扒手editor-in-chief,总编辑father-in-law岳父其他复合词的构成方式例词复合动词名词＋动词day-dream，sun-bathe副词＋动词overcome,outgrow形容词＋动词white-wash复合副词名词+名词sideways名词+副词headfirst形容词+名词meanwhile介词+名词beforehand复合代词代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)himself,ourselves某些不定代词+body(one,thing)everyone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)day-dream，sun-batheovercome,outgrowwhite-washsidewaysheadfirstmeanwhilebeforehandhimself,ourselveseveryone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)outgrow长得比...快sideways侧身headfirst冒失地beforehand预先转化法Conversion转化法概念方式英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类,这就是转化。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。1.名词和动词之间的转化2.形容词转化为动词3.名词转化为形容词(副词)4.形容词转化为名词转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittasteverygood.recordn.记录v.记录Hebroketherecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词telephone电话→打电话slow慢的→放慢front前面→前面的down向下→击倒hand手→交给warm暖的→使温暖black黑色→黑色的back向后→后退record录音→记录empty空的→倒空noble贵族→高贵的up向上→提高date日期→定日期better较好→改善key钥匙→关键的name名字→命名cool凉爽→使冷face脸→面对动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink喝→饮料perfect使完善→完美的chief主要的→首领thewounded受伤的人们study学习→书房fit适合→适合的first第一的→第一个theblind盲人们lookat→havealookatwrong错误的→错误thebeautiful美丽的东西转化法例释简略词合成词缩略词exam—examinationplane—aeroplanead.—advertisementmaths—mathematicssmoke+fog=smogmotor+hotel=motelTV—televisionTOEFL—TestofEnglishAsAForeignLanguagePLA—thepeople’sliberationArmyofChina加前缀：happy---___happy加后缀：develop---develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）常见的否定前缀中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原来意义。前缀意义用法例词un-不，未（=not)加在形容词或副词前unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,相反动作加在动词前uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,羞辱表示相反加在动词前dislike,disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前discharge,排出dismiss解雇mis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,uncover,untie,unlock,undressincomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dishonour,羞辱dislike,disbelievedischarge,排出dismiss解雇mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解表示时间和其他关系的前缀前缀意义用法例词re-表示：再一次，重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)renew,续借reborn,rebuild,reappear,retellfore-表示：时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretell预言,foreknow预卜pre-表示：在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before,infront,inadvance)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistorypost-表示：时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(=after,behind)post-war,post-graduatea-表示：在之上，向，在里加在动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词asleep,along,aloud,,alive,acrossco-表示：联合、共同加在名词或动词前co-worker,coexistco-own,co-ownerinter-表示:“互相”、“在一起”加在名词、形容词前构成动词(=between,among)interchange,internationalmid-表示：中间加在名词前(=middle)midday,midnightsuper-表示：高级、在之上加在名词前(=above,over,upon)superpower,超级大国，superstructure上层建筑表示人和物的名词后缀后缀意义用法例词表示人-er从事…职业的人，做…的人，…地方的人加在动词、名词、形容词上teacher,workerlearner,-or与-er同义外来后缀，加在外来词上visitor,conductoreducator,translator-eer从事于...的人用于外来词engineer,volunteermountaineer-ess女...的加于名词后，表示阴性actress,waitress-ician...(专)家，...工作者加在以-ic结尾的名词或形容词上physicia