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当前位置:首页 > 办公文档 > 工作范文 > 【三维设计】2014高考英语二轮课件:增分篇专题 书面表达 表达明、错误少
表达明、错误少,不给阅卷老师添烦恼——少丢分第二讲一些考生写的作文虽然要点很全,但由于英语语言基础知识不扎实,语言不规范,造成言不达意、错误百出,让阅卷老师惨不忍“读”。在此阅卷老师提醒考生:如果你的作文不能写得漂漂亮亮、洋气十足,但一定要写得像模像样,硬伤不多!多数考生写的作文要点很全面,但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实,语言不规范,也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种:1.主谓一致错误主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致,一般遵循三个原则,即语法一致、意义一致和就近原则,但有些考生常常会忽略这方面的问题,根据自己的感觉进行判断,从而导致主谓不一致。误:QianmenStreet,afamousoneinBeijing,haveahistoryof600years.正:QianmenStreet,afamousoneinBeijing,hasahistoryof600years.误:Myhobbyiswidespread,whichincludedrawing,collectingstampsandsoon.正:Myhobbyiswidespread,whichincludesdrawing,collectingstampsandsoon.误:Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,aretoarriveontheeveningflight.正:Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,istoarriveontheeveningflight.2.时态、语态错误由于汉语中动词没有时态形式上的变化,许多考生在用英语表达时受汉语影响缺乏时态的概念,故时态错误随处可见。此外,考生也容易弄错名词与动词之间的主动、被动关系,从而造成语态的误用。误:Inthemorning,wehadbicycledinthesuburbstoplanttrees.正:Inthemorning,webicycledinthesuburbstoplanttrees.误:Itishightimethatwedosomethingtoreducepollution.正:Itishightimethatwedidsomethingtoreducepollution.误:OnedayItoldMr.Wang,mymathsteacher,wasill.正:OnedayIwastoldMr.Wang,mymathsteacher,wasill.误:Childrenwhoraiseinpoorfamiliescangenerallydealwithproblemsmoreeffectivelyintheiradultyears.正:Childrenwhoareraisedinpoorfamiliescangenerallydealwithproblemsmoreeffectivelyintheiradultyears.3.句子成分残缺一般来讲,一个完整的句子应具有主语部分和谓语部分,表达一个完整的意思。如果写出的句子缺乏主语和谓语就无法表达一个完整的意思,这样的句子就是残缺的句子。误:Ifnoselfconfidence,allourdreamswouldmerelydaydreams.正:Ifwehadnoselfconfidence,allourdreamswouldbemerelydaydreams.误:Ourlibraryinthecenteroftheschool.正:Ourlibraryisinthecenteroftheschool.误:Therearemanystudentsdon'tsupporttheproject.正:Therearemanystudentswhodon'tsupporttheproject.4.用词不当用词不当是指对词语理解不清,容易在词性与词义范围大小、感情色彩等方面使用不当;也可指对词汇的应用理解不清,造成应用形式错误。特别是近义词、关联词用错会造成病句。误:Doingaparttimejobalwayseffectsstudy.正:Doingaparttimejobalwaysaffectsstudy.误:Duringmysummervacation,Ispenthalfamonthinthecountryandplayedveryhappy.正:Duringmysummervacation,Ispenthalfamonthinthecountryandplayedveryhappily.误:Asamatteroffact,weallagainstallformsofterroristactivities.正:Asamatteroffact,weareallagainstallformsofterroristactivities.5.句子粘连句子粘连是指两个或两个以上的独立分句没有适当的标点符号或连接词连接的句子。误:Thetwotouristsaresightseeinginaboat,theyarelitteringintothewater.正:Whiletheyaresightseeinginaboat,thetwotouristsarelitteringintothewater.误:Ontheotherhand,dogsareourbestfriends,bringusalotoffun.正:Ontheotherhand,dogsareourbestfriends,which/andbringusalotoffun.误:Thereweresomanypeoplewaitingtogetaticketthehallwasincreasinglycrowded.正:Thereweresomanypeoplewaitingtogetaticketthatthehallwasincreasinglycrowded.6.汉式英语汉式英语是受汉语语言或思维影响而产生的不地道英语。在词汇层面、惯用法层面、句子层面都有不同程度的汉式英语出现。曾经有人把“好好学习,天天向上”翻译为Goodgoodstudy,daydayup.就是一个典型的例子。误:Therearetwoboysarewaitingforyou.正:Therearetwoboyswaitingforyou.误:Atthisschoolstudying,Ireallyveryhappy.正:Studyingatthisschool,Iamreallyveryhappy.误:AllthestudentshadstartedreadingEnglishbeforeIdidn'tgetup.正:AllthestudentshadstartedreadingEnglishbeforeIgotup.7.平行错误在平行结构中,两个或两个以上的并列成分(并列单词、短语或分句)必须用等同的语法形式表达出来,否则平行结构会受到破坏。保证结构平行的关键是找到平衡点,前后语法形式须保持一致。误:Crawlingdownamountainissometimesharderthanweclimbup.正:Crawlingdownamountainissometimesharderthanclimbingup.误:You'llgetagoodscoreifyoustudyhardandbyusinggoodmethod.正:You'llgetagoodscoreifyoustudyhardandusegoodmethod.误:ThenIputmybookundermydesk,openingitandstartedlookingfortheanswer.正:ThenIputmybookundermydesk,openeditandstartedlookingfortheanswer.8.悬垂错误悬垂错误是指充当状语(往往在句首)的分词、不定式或介词短语与句子的主语不能形成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。此类错误考生自己不易发现,属于隐性错误。误:Towinthegame,manyrisksmustbetaken.正:Towinthegame,youmusttakemanyrisks.误:Writteninahurry,wefoundthebookfullofmistakes.正:Writteninahurry,thebookwasfoundfullofmistakes误:InordertoimproveEnglish,Jenny'sfatherboughtheralotoftapes.正:InordertoimproveEnglish,Jennyaskedherfathertobuyheralotoftapes.9.赘词错误由于英汉表达的不同,像汉语可以说“再重复一遍”,但相对应的英语却不能说repeatagain,again就是赘词,此类错误在考生写作中也是比比皆是。误:Atlast,thelostboyreturnedback.正:Atlast,thelostboyreturned.误:Ononeday,hewenttothecinema.正:Oneday,hewenttothecinema.误:IwentforfishingwithmyfatherlastSunday.正:IwentfishingwithmyfatherlastSunday.10.单词拼写和词形变化错误在书面表达中,这是最常见的一种错误,究其原因,这是考生不注意积累的结果,有些考生虽然重视积累,但落笔时经常会眼高手低。误:OurEnglishteacherisfriendlybutverystrickwithusstudents.正:OurEnglishteacherisfriendlybutverystrictwithusstudents.误:Thecarhittedtheoldmananddrivedaway.正:Thecarhittheoldmananddroveaway.误:Peoplethrowedcans,paper,bagsandsoonintotheriverwater.正:Peoplethrewcans,paper,bagsandsoonintotheriverwater.写对句子是作文得高分的关键和保证,考场上要避免上述低级错误,应注意以下两点。1.确定主语英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语(祈使句省略了主语you)。动手写句子首先要确定主语,其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。注意:汉语中的主语不一定是英文中的主语。北京八月多雨。英文中不说“BeijingrainsmuchinAugust.”而说“ItrainsmuchinBeijinginAugust.”英文中主谓语有时需要倒装,汉语则不需要。OnlythendidIrealizehowimportantitistostudyEnglish.“”2.确定谓语动词英文中没有动词就构不成句子,但英语动词千变万化,稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句子时应特别注意以下几个方面。(1)注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用。(2)注意非延续性动词的用法。(3)注意一些不可用作被动语态的动词。(4)注意一些动词的特殊用法。(5)注意那些汉译意思相同实际用法不同的词。(6)注意动词的时态及时态的一致。(2013·陕西高考)假定你是李华。请根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记,记述你周末帮助家人做家务的一次经历。写作要点:1.做家务的理由;2.做家务的过程;3.你的感受。注意:1.短文词数不少于100;2.开头部分已写好,不计入总词数;3.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。Iaman18yearoldmiddleschoolstudent.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
本文标题:【三维设计】2014高考英语二轮课件:增分篇专题 书面表达 表达明、错误少
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