英语语音教学课件2：语流

Englishpronunciation英语语音IIConnectedspeech语流语流ConnectedspeechILossofplosionandincompleteplosion失去爆破和不完全爆破爆破音和爆破音或其他的辅音相邻，([w][j]除外)时往往失去爆破，这主要是因为两个辅音之间的间隔太小，这种现象在语音学上称为“失去爆破”或“特殊爆破”。第一个爆破音只形成阻碍，但不发生爆破，称作不完全爆破。说话时，前一个单词的爆破音只保持发音部位（音不发出来）的同时，即向下一个单词起音的辅音过渡，不完全爆破得以实现。不完全爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。不完全爆破时英语语音学习中的重点，也是一个难点；掌握不好不完全爆破，就不可能讲地道的英语。下面列举不完全爆破的几条主要规则：一个单词里的情况：1．两个爆破音相邻，第一个爆破音只形成阻碍，但失去爆破，第二个爆破音完全爆破；若第二个爆破音在词尾则必须轻化。Septemberrobbedblackboardbeggedpostcard2．爆破音/t//d/后面紧跟鼻辅音/m/和/n/，/t//d/形成阻碍，但词尾必须通过鼻腔爆破。certainhidden在词中，则形成阻碍，不完全爆破。utmostadmit3．爆破音/t//d/后面紧跟舌侧音/l/，/t//d/形成阻碍，在词尾必须通过舌两侧爆破little在词中，形成阻碍，但不完全爆破。latelybadly4．爆破音和摩擦音相邻，该爆破音形成阻碍，但不完全爆破。advancesuccess5．爆破音和破擦音相邻，该爆破音形成阻碍，但不完全爆破。pictureobject1goodbyeaskedpickedpigtailbobbedactivekeptslept2curtainBritainwoodenexcitementadmire3gentlebattlelittletitlebottlesettleneedlemiddlemodellatelyhardlyloudly4adviceadvanceeighthadventurefriendship5lectureobjectactuallysubject单词与单词之间的情况：1．两个爆破音相邻，第一个爆破音形成阻碍，但失去爆破，稍微停顿一下，立刻发出第二个爆破音。stoptalkinggreatcarebadcoldbigboytakecare2．爆破音和鼻辅音/m，n/相邻，爆破音形成阻碍，但不完全爆破，稍微停顿一下。goodmorningdon`tknow3．爆破音和舌侧音/l/相邻，爆破音形成阻碍，但不完全爆破，略做停顿。atlastgoodluck4．爆破音和摩擦音相邻，爆破音形成阻碍，但不完全爆破，略做停顿。oldfriendagoodviewkeepsilentagoodzoogetthroughjustthenquitesure5．爆破音和破擦音相邻，爆破音形成阻碍，但不完全爆破，略做停顿。greatchangegoodjob1agreatdealabadcoldtakecareputdownquitdifferentstoptalking2goodmorninggoodnewsloudnoisedarknightquitenearatnoonstopnow3atlastatleastatlunchatleisuregoodluckredlight4oldfriendfriendfirstfirstvolumeagoodviewfirststepagoodzoogreatsuccessdeepsnowgettherebrightthoughttakethreejustthenquitesurenotsharpConnectedspeech2Soundlinking连读1.词末辅音和词首元音连读putitintakeitoff2.词末元音和词首元音连读goonhowold3.词末不发音的字母r和紧跟其后的词的词首元音连读，字母r必须发音,发/r/.farawayforevermakeupworkoutputontakeontakeoffkeeponkeepuppickupreadoutallofusinaminutefirstofallnotatallfarawayhereandtherelateronforeverforexampleforinstanceforamomentamatteroffactgooutgoontryitseeoffdayinanddayoutRedRiverValleyFromthisvalleytheysayyouareleavingWeshallmissyourbrighteyesandsweetsmilesForyoutakewithyouallofthesunshineThathasbrightenedourpathwayawhileThencomesitbymysideifyoulovemeDonothastentobidmeadieuJustremembertheredrivervalleyAndthecowboythat’slovedyousotrueForalongtimemydarlingI’mwaitingForthesweetwordsyouneverwouldsayNowalasgonemyfondhopesthatvanishedFortheysaythatyouaregoingawayThencomesitbymysideifyoulovemeDonothastentobidmeadieuJustremembertheredrivervalleyAndthecowboythat’slovedyousotrueScarboroughFairAreyougoingtoScarboroughFairParsleysagerosemaryandthymeRemembermetoonewholivedthereSheoncewasthetrueloveofmineTellhertomakemeacambricshirtParsleysagerosemaryandthymeWithoutnoseamsnorneedleworkThenshe’llbethetrueloveofmineTellhertofindmeanacreoflandParsleysagerosemaryandthymeBetweenseawaterandtheseastrandThenshe’llbethetrueloveofmineTellhertoreapitwithasickleofleatherParsleysagerosemaryandthymeAndgatheritallinabunchofheatherThenshe’llbethetrueloveofmineYouAreMySunshineYouaremysunshinemyonlysunshineYoumakemehappywhenskiesaregreyYou’llneverknowdearhowmuchIloveyouPleasedonttakemysunshineawayTheothernightdearwhenIwassleepingIdreamedIheldyouinmyarmsWhenIawokedearIwasmistakenSoIheldmyheadandcriedYouaremysunshinemyonlysunshineYoumakemehappywhenskiesaregreyYou’llneverknowdearhowmuchIloveyouPleasedon’ttakemysunshineawayTheothernightdearwhenIwassleepingIdreamedIheldyouinmyarmsWhenIawokedearIwasmistakenSoIheldmyheadandcriedConnectedspeech3Syllables,stressedsyllablesandunstressedsyllables音节，重读音节和非重读音节音节：一个元音构成一个音节，一个元音加上一个或一个以上的辅音，也可以构成一个音节。重音：在一个音节中，元音比辅音长而响亮，在双元音和多音节词中有一个音节比其他的音节中的元音长而响亮，这个长而响亮的音节被称为重读音节，stressedsyllables。没有接受重读的音节被成为非重读音节，unstressedsyllables。Classificationofstressedsyllables重音分类1.Singlestressed`go`me`wea`goa`head`mother2.Evenstressed`un`known`eigh`teen`mis`print3.Primaryandsecondarystressedrevo`lutionqualifi`cationuni`versityWordstress单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。lettersorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'boutbe'lievead'dressde'cidere'portcon'demnres'pectcom'parein'formdis'cussim'pressmis'takeen'forcepre'pareem'ployper'mites'capepro'duceex'claimtrans'latec)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'recordre'cord'insultin'sult'conductcon'duct'presentpre'sent'contentcon'tentd)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side're'tell'well-'known'un'real'fif'teen'Chi'nese'pre-'war‘post-'warB)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult'communist'familye'conomyoppor'tunityde'mocracy.b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefullyin'definite'comfortablecon'ductor,ac'cordingdis'turbance'complicatedes'tablishmentc)词尾有-eous,-graphy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,-ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teouscal'ligraphyedi'torialhis'torianperi'odicmathe'maticspro'tectiveex'periencesuf'ficienti'dentifytrans'lationre'ligiouscuri'osityd)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tainemplo'yeemountai'neerJapa'neseciga'retteC)复合名词重音一般在第一个音节。`blackboard`handbag`bookstore`classroom复合动词重音一般在第二个音节。mal`treatill-`treatshort`changecross