[李开复]21种演讲技巧

21SecretstoBecomingAGoodSpeakerKai-FuLeeManagingDirectorMicrosoftResearch,ChinaWePresentEveryDay!•Notjustconferencetalks….–Productgroupmeetings–BillG/TABmeetings–Preambletoademo–Convinceaproductgrouptobeinterested–Presentpatenttoalawyer–Presentagroupresultatoffsite–“Elevator”talksButI’mnotgoodatit….•Presentationskillscanbeacquired.•Examples:–BillGates–Kai-FuLeeWhatYou’llLearnToday:•Communicationskills•PreparingtheTalk•DeliveringtheTalk•HandlingQ&A•21secretstobecomingagoodspeaker.WhatisCommunicationSkills?•Verbal(wordsspoken)•Vocal(tone,range,appeal,credibilityofvoice)•Visual(physicalappearance,clothing,gestures,eyecontact)•7%•38%•55%CommunicationSkills“Withouteffectivedelivery,aspeechofthehighestmentalcapacitycanbeheldinnoesteem.Witheffectivedelivery,evenonewithmoderateabilitiesmaysurpassthoseofthehighesttalent.”--Cicero“Themanwhocanthinkanddoesnotknowhowtoexpresswhathethinksisatthelevelofhimwhocannotthink.”--PericlesTheImportanceofCommunicationSkillsCommunicationSkills=Fake?•MostimportantfactorisPASSION!–Ifyou’repassionate,yourvocal&visualskillswillcomenaturally.•Passioncouldcomefromsubject,experience,orenvironment.–“Thereisjustonesurecureforbadspeeches–Gettrulyexcitedonthesubject,and99percentofthefaultsofyourspeakingwilldisappear.”--RobertMontgomery•Butthereareskillstobelearned.–Likereading,writing,typing….–Mustlearnthis,ifyouwantyourworktobeunderstood!VerbalSkills•Besimpleandclear!–Don’tramble.–Stoptothinkifyouneedto.–Exampleone:DanQuaylecelebratesdemocracy:–Exampletwo:DanQuayletryingtosay“Amindisaterriblethingtowaste”VerbalSkills•Speakingisnotlikewriting!!!–Usesimplewords.–Don’tusecomplexsentences.–Canyouunderstandthis:•Don’tuseambiguouswordsinspeech.VocalSkills•Project&resonateyourvoice.•No“UM”sand“ER”s.(Pauseinstead).•Silenceisatool(Todrawattention).VocalSkills•Playyourvoicewithpitchandtempo.•Toamplifyapoint,slowdown,speakloudly,exaggerateinotation,pauseintherightplaces.–“Youareright.Iamwrong”–StalintoTrotsky–“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry”--JohnF.Kennedy–BADEXAMPLE:“Iwelcomethiskindofexamination,becausepeoplehavetoknowwhethertheirpresidentisacrook.Well,I’mnotacrook.”--RichardM.Nixon•Don’tuseiteverywhere!VocalSkills:Samemessage;manywaystodeiver•JohnKennedy:–“Youneedtocontributetoyourcountry”’–“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry”.•Quaylevs.BensonDebate:–Quayle:IhaveasmuchexperienceintheCongressasJackKennedydidwhenhesoughtthepresidency.–Answer1:“JackKennedyisbetterthanyou.”–Answer2:Senator,IservedwithJackKennedy.IknewJackKennedy.JackKennedywasafriendofmine.Senator,you'renoJackKennedy.“VocalSkills:Enthusiasm•Passion&Enthusiasm!–Ifyou’renotpassionate,whyshouldwecare?•Example:MartinLutherKing–Ihaveadream.ThatonedayThisnationwillriseupLiveuptothetruemeaningtoitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentThatallmenarecreatedequal.VisualSkills•VisualSkills–THEmostimportant–Appeartrustworthy&respectful.–USElection1960waswononvisualskills.•ComponentsofVisualSkills–Eyes–Body–Hands–FaceVisualSkills–Eyes•Lookforwardataudience(trust)–Don’tshifteyeballs;don’tlookincorner.–Don’tlooktoomuchatcomputerscreenoryournotes.•Lookatpeople’sfaces(noteyes)–3-6secondsperperson.–Shiftrandomly.–Nod,smile,usefacialexpression.VisualSkills–Body•Standupwhentalking.•Walkaround=informal.•Don’t:–Rock,shake,leantoomuch.VisualSkills–Hands•Gesturecomplementstalk.–Shouldcomenaturally,withoutthinking.–Makesuretheymatch!•Needtoexaggeratealittle–Especiallywithlargeaudience.•Don’tfidgetorputinpocket.•Videotapewholetalk&watch.VisualSkills–Face•Showemotion!•Mostofthetime:–“Icarealotaboutthis.”–“Ireallybelieveinthis.”–“Ilovemywork.”•Sometimes(inresponsetoquestions).–“ThisisthemostoutrageousthingI’veeverheard.”–“Iwillhavenothingtodowiththis.”WhatYou’llLearnToday:•Communicationskills•PreparingtheTalk•DeliveringtheTalk•HandlingQ&A•21secretstobecomingagoodspeaker.PreparingtheTalk•AlwaysOVERPREPARE!!!!!•Preparationincludes:–Researchingthebackground.–Organizingthetalk.–Writingtheslides.–Rehearsingthetalk.–Lastminutethings….ResearchingtheBackground•Whenyou’reinvited,findout:–Howlongisthetalk?–What’sthetopic?•(Saynoifyoudon’tcareaboutthetopic).–Who’stheaudience.•Onceyousayyes,youareCOMMITTEDtodoagreatjob.OrganizingtheTalk•You’rethesalesman.•Firstlessonforsalesmen:–“Tellthemwhatyou’regoingtosay.–Sayit.–Tellthemwhatyousaid”•Verysimilartoyourpaper!TheCentralMessage(it)•Peoplewillnotremembereverything.•HaveONEclearwalk-awaymessage.–Whatdoyouwantpeopletorememberin3months?–Theanswertothequestion:“Howwasthetalk?”•Repeatit!TheOpening•Saysomethingprovoking!•Givea(veryshort)outline/overview.TheSubstance•Logical.•Convincing.–Helpthemrememberthemessage!–Anticipatedoubts&removethem.•Smoothtransitions–Don’tlosetheaudience–OKtore-orderthesub-topics.•Keeprepeatingthemessage!TheEnding•EndwithaBANG!•Repeatthemessage.•Saythankyou.WritingtheVisuals(PowerPoint)•Prepation(80%time)–Firstprepareoutline(recommend:Word).–Thenmodifyoutlinefor:•Logiconvincing,flow,transitions….•ActualSlideWriting(20%time)–Shouldcomealmostdirect