英语国家概况PPT

LOGOChapterOneGeography,PeopleandLanguageContentsGeographyIPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIIIIGeography1.GeographicalFeature2.Climate3.MajorCitiesMapoftheUKReadthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannel(TheChannelTunnel)TheRepublicofIrelandGeographyTheofficialtitleoftheUKtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(theformerlyseparateEnglandandScotland,andWales.)NorthernIrelandNumeroussmallerislandsTitleandMakeupoftheUKLocationandterritoryLocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°ETotalterritory:242,910squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.TopographyNorthernIreland:It’smostlyhilly.Wales:It’smostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMidWales.Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.England:itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorth-west,northandsouth-west.BenNevisinScotland—thehighestpointinUKRiversandLakesThelongestriver:SevernRiver(354kilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(332kilometerslong)ThelargestLake:LoughNeaghThamesLakeDistrictLakepoetsIWanderedLonelyasaCloud---WilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.LakepoetsThewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:Igazed---andgazed---butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.2.ClimateMaincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coldwintersandplentyrainfallThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/changeability3.MajorCities—LondonTheRiverThamesthecapitalofEnglandandofGreatBritainthepoliticalcenteroftheCommonwealthamajorportoneoftheworld'sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters.Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonThepalaceofWestminsterLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonWestminsterAbbeyBigBenLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonSt.Paul'sCathedralLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonHydeParkTowerofLondonLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonTowerBridgeBuckinghamPalaceLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonLondonEyeMajorCities—EdinburghCapitalofScotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitectureLandmarks&SymbolsofEdinburghEdinburghCastlePalaceofHolyroodMajorCities—CardiffEurope'syoungestcapitalcityhasbeenthecapitalcityofWalesforaround50yearshometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationhasrecentlybecomeoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom.Landmarks&SymbolsofCardiffCardiffCityHallLandmarks&SymbolsofCardiffMillenniumStadiumCardiffCastleMajorCities—BelfastCityHallthesecondlargestcitycapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccityLandmarks&SymbolsofBelfastBelfastCastleIIPeopleOverallpopulation:over60millionsDistribution:England:about50millionScotland:over5millionWales:around3millionNorthernIreland:about1.7millionEthnicityThemajorityofthispopulationaredescendentsoftheAnglo-SaxonsMostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeopleTheIrishpeoplewerealsoCelticinoriginimmigrantsPercentageoftotalUKPopulationEthincGroupsoftotalWhiteBritish85.7%WhiteIrish1.2%White(other)5.3%Mixedrace1.2%Indian1.8%Pakistani1.3%Bengali0.5%OtherAsian(non-Chinese)0.4%BlackCaribbean1.0%BlackAfrican0.8%Black(others)0.2%Chinese0.4%Other0.4%IIITheEnglishLanguage1.OldEnglish2.MiddleEnglish3.ModernEnglish4.StandardEnglish1.OldEnglish(5th~11th)LanguageofAngle-SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwordsBeowulfThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoem”Beowulf”(approximatelyAD900)Hwæt!WeGar-Denaingeardagum,þeodcyninga,þrymgefrunon,huðaæþelingasellenfremedon.OftScyldScefingsceaþenaþreatum2.MiddleEnglish(11th~15th)StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage,andEnglishbecametheLanguageoflowerclassbig—porksheep—muttoncattle—beefDevelopmentEnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeathTheCanterburyTaleswrittenbyGeoferyChaucer,14thecenturyWhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;GeoffreyChaucer3.ModernEnglish(15th~)Theprintingpress—broughtstandardizationofEnglishSamuelJohnson’sdictionary—establishedastandardformofspellingRenaissance—assimilatedforeignwordsthroughouttheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolution—necessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfornewthingsandideasTheriseoftheBritishEmpireortheCommonwealthofNations—ledtotheassimilationofwordsfrommanyotherlanguagesOthellobyWilliamShakespeare1603La:Thointhetradeofwarre,Ihaueflainemen,YetdoeIholditveryftuftofConfcience.Todoenocont