高一定语从句复习讲义

1高一定语从句复习（一）、功能：相当于_________词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作_____语先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：_________________________先行词是人：__________________________在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语/（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1.Theyhadaradio./Itcouldsendoutmessages.→Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.(主语)2.Thegirlismybestfriend./Shespokejustnow→_____________________________________________________3.Healwaysbuyssomebooks./Heneverreadthem.→___________________________________________________注意点：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g.5.Theyoungman(whom)yousawwasourmanager.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.2.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.3.Thereissomebodywhowantstoseeyou.4.Thebicyclemyunclegavemewasveryexpensive.4．Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when（二）whose的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g.1.Thegirlismydaughter.Herworkgotthefirstprize→Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.2.Thebookisnotmine.Thecoverofitisred.Thebookwhosecoverisredisnotmine(Thebookthecoverofwhichisredisnotmine)3.Doyouknowanyone?HisfamilyisinXi’an.→____________________________________________________.4.Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.→_______________________________________________.5.Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.→______________________________________________.6.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就_________）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然_______。形式上用____隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that与which的区别1）用that而不用which的情况1.当先行词是_______________________________等不定代词时e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2.当先行词被___________________所修饰时。e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3.当先行词被_________________________所修饰时。e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.4.主句是以_____或__________开头的特殊疑问句时e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?/Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.e.g.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.7.当先行词被__________________________等词修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.8.当_______________________________时。e.g.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what2Thereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverything．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．inthatIsthereanythingelseyourequire?A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what3．ThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall．A．whichB．thatC．whereD．it2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②指代前面整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry./Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.2.MissSmith,whoyoumetatourhouse,isgoingtomarryMr.Harry.3.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisclassmatessurprised.4.（三）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which或whome.g.1.Themanisafamousrunner.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.→Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.2.Thechairismadeofwood.Heissittingonitnow.→Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.3.Heisalibraryassistant.Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim.→________________________________________________.4.Itisafamousschool.Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago.→__________________________________________________.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?2．Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho3．Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbor.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope)练习(填上合适的介词)：1.WuDong,_______whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.2.ThisisPeter_______whosehouseIhavelivedforfiveyears.（四）关系副词：whenwherewhy当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g.1.Iwillneverforgettheday./IwenttouniversityonthatdayIwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.2.Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.→______________________________________________________________Nextmonth,you’llspendinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．whereNextmonth,you’llbeinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g.3.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.→______________________________________________.Hisuncleworksinafactorybicyclesaremade．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．there先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for＋which来代替:e.g.5.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.→___________________________________________________.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich注意点：要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g.1.ThisisthehouseHevisitedityesterday.Thisisthehouse.Heoncelivedinit.3Thisisthehousewhich/that//hevisitedyesterday.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheoncelived.2.Wewillremembertheday.Wespentthedaytogether.→________________________________________________.Wewillremembertheday.Weworkedonthisdayt