中考英语语法专题复习 动词不定式

动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“，有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。构成：TO+DO(动词原形)用法：1.用作宾语(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.needtodolearntodoagreetodoplantododecidetodorefusetodobegintodostarttodotrytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodoStoptodogoontodo2.用作宾语补足语：(V.+SB.+TODO)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.wantsbtodowishsbtodogetsbtodoordersbtodofindsbtobelikesbtodowouldlikesbtodohelpsbtodo作宾语补足语不带TO的情况：常见动词有：一感：feel二听：listento,hear三让:let,make,have四看:see,lookat,watch,notice比较：Isawhercrossingthestreet.Isawhercrossthestreet.3.用作状语(ADVERBIAL)：Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboxwastooheavytomove.(目的)(目的)（结果）4.用作主语1.Tobeanactressismydream.2.Togoabroadishisdream.3.Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）Itismydreamtobeanactress.Itishisdreamtogoabroad.Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.句型It’s+adj+ofsb+todosth.Eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。It’sverykindofyoutoinvitme.若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用ofsb.Eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。It’scleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblem.It’s+adj+forsb+todosth.若形容词是描述事物的性质，用forsb.这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。Eg:对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.Eg:对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。It’sdifficultforustofinishthework.5.用作表语Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.Herjobistolookafterthepatients.Mywishistobeascientist.6.用作定语Givemesomethingtodrink.Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）Heaskedforaroomtolivein.Idon’thaveapentowritewith.7.疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Thequestioniswho(m)toask.(主语)(宾语)(宾语补足语)(表语)比较（COMPARE）Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.Idon’tknowwhattodoaboutit.说出句子中的不定式，及在句中做什么成分：1.Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.2.Ihopetoseehimsoon.3.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.4.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.5.Ihavealottotellyou.6.It’snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.7.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.定语主语状语表语宾语主语宾语补足语EXERCISE1跳舞非常有趣。2种些植物是非常有必要的。3说英语对我来说并不容易。4听到你的声音真高兴。Todanceisalotoffun.Itisalotoffuntodance.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.EXERCISE1我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.EXERCISE1他想借用我的录音机。2他们开始读和写。3李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。4你长大了想做什么？Hewantstoborrowmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.WhatsportsdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?1我有许多书要看。2她有几个问题要问。3他有一台电视要修。4.我没什么可担心的。Ihavemanybookstoread.Shehasafewquestionstoask.HehasaTVsettorepair.Ihavenothingtoworryabout.5他是一个值得信赖的人。6爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。7他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。Heisamantobelievein.Edisonwasthefirstmantoinventthelights.Hissickmotherhasthreemonthstoliveatmost.Theylookedforhimeverywhereandfoundhim__underthetree.a.liesb.lyingc.layd.lain√考点：see/hear/find/watchsb.dosth.(看见某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watchsb.doingsth.（看见某人正在做某事）Isawhim__thesupermarketjustnow.a.enteredb.enteringc.enterd.toenter√Thegirlwhosoldmatcheswasfound___thenextmorning.a.dieb.dyingc.diedd.dead√-Doyouremember___mesomewhereinHangzhou?-Yes.Ithinkthat’s2yearsago.a.seeb.seeingc.toseed.saw√forget/remembertodosth.forget/rememberdoingsth.stop/goontodosthstop/goondoingsthThescientiststopped__tomethoughhewasbusy.a.talkingb.totalkc.tohavetalkd.havingtalk√Themoreyouthinkaboutit,themorequestionsyouwillthinkof__.a.askb.askedc.askingd.toask√考点：todo表示目的Thedoctordidwhathecould__thatchild.a.saveb.tosavec.savedd.saving√Ihavenopen____.a.writingb.writingwithc.towritewithd.writing√todo作定语，如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语，其后需接介词