初中英语语法―代词课件(25张)

代词一、代词的定义代词是代替名词及其名词作用的短语及句子的词。ittheythatsomeherhimselfneitherothersalittle二、代词的分类及用法人称代词是用来指人或物的代词，人称代词有主格、宾格。主格作主语和表语，宾语作宾语，一般用来做动词或介词的宾语。1.人称代词放在动词、介词后面作宾语时，一定要用其宾格形式。2.当几个不同的人称代词作主语，排列顺序通常是：单数为：you，he/sheandI即你、他/她、我（二三一人称单数顺序）复数为：we,youandthey即我们、你们、他们/她们（一二三人称复数顺序）A.人称代词物主代词是用来表示所有人与物的关系的。1.分类2.用法形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词用来代替名词。区别：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性名词性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirsB.物主代词反身代词指动作反射到动作执行者本身或进行强调，一般用来做动词或介词的宾语，表示动作返回到动作执行者本身，即主语和宾语是指同一人或物，或者指同一些人或物。常与反身代词连用的动词有enjoy,dress，hurt，help，teach及介词by,in,for,of等.人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitselfC.反身代词①过得愉快②自学③请随便吃…④自言自语⑤独自⑥伤了某人自己⑦不要客气⑧陶醉／沉浸于⑨自己穿衣服⑩照顾自己enjoyoneselflearn----by/teachoneselfhelponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfhurtoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself2.反身代词常见固定搭配1.JackieChenwonanOscarafter______56-year-oldlongcareerinthefilmindustry.A.heB.himC.hisD.himself2.Afterchattinghappilywiththenewstudentinmyclass,IgavehermyQQnumberandshegaveme________.A.sheB.hersC.herD.herself3.Everyonemakesmistakesinhisorherlife.Theimportantthingisnottorepeat________.A.itB.herC.himD.them4.Andyisnot______today.What'swrong?Hewascaughtintherainthismorninganddoesn'tfeelwellnow.A.himselfB.heC.himD.his5.TheRio2016Olympictorch(火炬)began_______95-dayjourneyinBrazilonMay3rd.A.itB.itsC.it'sD.itself练一练CBDABD.指示代词定义：专门用来指人或物的一类代词，称为指示代词。这类词有：this,that,those,these,such,some,it。用法？用于指代前面讲过的或者后面将要讲到的事物。this,these较近that,those较远it的用法例句1.Thisisnotmybook.ItisJim's.2.What'sthis?--It'sapencil.3.Somwoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.4.What'sthetimenow?--It'steno'clock.5.What'stheweatherliketoday?--It'ssunny.6.Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?指代前面提到过的事物用来代替指示代词this或that指婴儿或不明身份的人指时间或季节指天气指距离Itis+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.It'sone'sturntodosth.It'stime(forsb.)todosth./forsth.It'ssaidthat…Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+从句(过去时)Itseemsthat...看起来好像Itseemsthatheisquitehappy.It's+adj.+that从句It'snecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthemeeting.7.作形式主语,常用于下列句型中8、作形式宾语某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel9、用在强调句型“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”中ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.+it+adj.todoit,one,that作代词的区别(1)Ihavemanybooks.Which____doyoulike?(2)Thebookismine.____isveryinteresting.(3)TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan____inHainan.例如:①it指上文提到过的事物，同类且同物。②one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物。③that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复。oneItthat1.MystarsignisVirgoandmycharacteristicsaresimilarto______describedinthatbook.A.themB.thatC.itD.those2.Doyouthink______acceptableforagroupofwomentodancetoloudmusiconthesquarenearyourhouse.A.itB.thatC.thisD.its3.Thepopulationofourcityhasincreased______40%,comparedwith______of3yearsago.A.by;thatB.to;thoseC.with;onesD.of;it4.Thisbookonidomsisinteresting.I'dlike______.Wheredidyoubuyit?---Inthebookstorenearmyhome.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one5.Anewstudyshowsthatshoutingatchildrenmayhaveresultsthatgobeyond_______ofbeatingthem.A.itB.thoseC.one'sD.that练一练DAADB主格宾格所有格指人whowhomwhose指物whatwhose指人或物whichwhoseE.疑问代词(连接代词)F.关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,asG.不定代词1)定义：2)种类：英语中不定代词有：some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere）,any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere),no(nothing,nobody,noone),every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类，也是英语考试中最常考的一类，应注意以下几点：1.some和any的比较2.指两者和三者的不定代词。注：each(常与of连用)做主谓用单，强调个体every(形容词)+单数名词作主谓语用单，强调整体两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物注意：在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用some而不用any。用于两者：both,either,neither。用于三者：all,any,none,every3.(a)few与(a)little当前面由only修饰，常用afew或alittle.alittle可表示“有点，稍微”肯定否定可数名词复数afew一些few几乎没有不可数名词alittle一点儿little几乎没有eg:Wouldyoupleasebuysomesaltforme,Tony?Thereislittleleft.4.other,theother,another,others,theothers的用法意义用法other另外的常与复数名词连用，但如果前面有the，this，that，some，any，no，one，my，your，his等则可与单数名词或不可数名词连用。theother两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成“one...theother...”，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的部分”。others泛指别的人或物泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语；常与some连用，构成“some...others”。theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的复数形式，特指其余所有的人或物。another另一个指三者或三者以上的另一个1.TherearefiftystudentsinClassOne.Twentyofthemareboys;______aregirls.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.another2.Iturnedtobookshopsandlibrarieslookingforinformationandfound______.A.noneB.bothC.oneD.neither3.EveryoneknowsCanadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.---Thatis,itislargerthan______countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.another4.______ofmoneywillgototheRedCrosstohelpthosewhoneedhelp.A.ManyB.MuchC.AlittleD.Afew5.Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingis_______.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.others练一练BAABC指人肯定句someonesomebody否定或疑问句anyoneanybody通用everyoneeverybodynoonenobody指物肯定句something否定或疑问句anything通用everythingnothing2.复合不定代词noone,nobody,none,的用法noone与nobody用法相似，均只用于指人不用于指物，且其后不能接of短语，用作主语时谓语单数；none既可用于指人也可用于指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词，则谓语可用单数（较正式）也可用复数（用于非正式文体）。Exercises（自我检测题）1.Thoughitrainedheavily,____werestillplayingontheplayground.A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves2.Hethought____alittled