情态动词--牛津英语

情态动词用法小结（复习）一、各个情态动词用法归纳can和could1.表示“能力”Icanswim,butmysistercan't.2．表示“许可”、“请求”CanIgowithyou?(请求)FathersaidIcouldgotocinema.(表示过去的许可)Youcannotsmokeinthemeetingroom.(cannot表示“禁止”)CouldIuseyourphone?Yes,ofcourseyoucan.肯定回答，不能用could，一般是—Yes,please.—Thanks.3．表示“理论上或逻辑上的可能”Anybodycanmakemistakes.(只表示理论上的可能性)Anaccidentcanhappenifyoudothis.(表示事情肯定会发生)4．“猜测”（主要用于否定句和疑问句）：Hecan'tbeathome.(否定句)Canthenewsbetrue?(疑问句)•与beableto的区别：•can只有现在和过去时态，强调能力；•beableto有各种时态，表示一时的能力，强调结果。•Marycanplaythepiano.Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5.•YesterdayIwasabletogethomebeforetheheavyrain.may和might1．表示“许可”Youmaytakeawalk.Studentsmaynotmakenoiseinthelibrary.(maynot表示不许可或禁止)MayIcomein?否定回答No,youmustn't./cannot.也可以maynot肯定回答sure,certainly,ofcourseMightItroubleyouforalight?Youmayindeed.2.表示事实上的可能性Itmayraintomorrow.(表示可能会发生)Electricironscouldbedangerous,theymightgiveyouasevereshock.3.“预测”Sammighthavetakenthemoney,butitseemsunlikely.must1.表示“必须”、“务必”：Wemustobeyorders.MustIpaynow?肯定回答Yes,youmust否定回答No,youneedn't或No,youdon'thaveto2.表示预测(必定，必会)一般用于肯定句。可用于否定一般疑问句。Theremustbeamistake.Mustn'ttherebeanotherreasonforhisbehavior?3.偏偏Ourboymustdotheoppositetowhatweordered.JustwhenIwasbusy,shemustcomeandchatshall1.用于第一、三人称，表示征求对方的意见Shallwetalk?Shallhecometoseeyou?2.用于第二、三人称，表示命令、允诺、警告、决心等Eachmembershallwearanamecard.Nooneshallstopme.YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishreadingit.Heshallgethisallowance.Should1.表示“必须”：Ishouldanswerhisletterassoonaspossible.Youshouldn'tjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.(shouldn't劝告)2.猜测，“估计应该”ThatshouldbeJanetcomingupstairsnow.正在上楼的该是珍妮特。Will和Would1.表示“意愿”Iwillcallyouassoonaspossible.Whowilldothejob?Hewouldnotletmetry.2..表示“请求”Willyoukindlytellmethewaytothepostoffice?Wouldyougivemeyouraddress?(用would比will表示更客气)3.表示“预测”或“习惯性”：Thatwouldbehismother.(wouldbe表示肯定是)Hewillsittherehourafterhourlookingattheriver.HewouldcometoseemewhenhewasinLondon.usedto与would的区别usedto表示过去情况与现在不同;would只单纯表示过去的情况Peopleusedtothinkthattheearthwasflat.Shewouldgooutforawalkinthemorningwhenshewasinthecountry.oughtto1.表示“应该”Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.(oughtto的语气比must弱)Yououghtn't(oughtnot)tosmokesomuch.Oughtyoutosmokesomuch?2.表示“预测”，婉转,比must语气弱Theyoughttobetherebynow.should和oughtto的区别含义大致相同，oughtto强调在客观上（法律，章程和道义），比should语气强。should强调主观上，表示主语的职责和义务或说话人的劝告。YououghttogoandseeMarytomorrow.Youshouldn'tjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.need和dare用作情态动词时，主要用在否定句、疑问句中，用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。NeedIcome?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.Youneedn'ttelephonehimnow.Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.Weshoulddaretogiveourownopinion.Weneedtotellthemthenews.注意：dare用作实义动词时，其否定句中的to可保留也可省略。Shedoesn'tdaretoclimbthetree.Shedoesn'tdareclimbthetree.二、情态动词的完成式和进行式modalverb+havedone:对过去发生的事情进行评价、猜测，表示“应当已经、想必已经、本来可以做但未做”Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.Heisn'there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.Wherecan(could)hehavegone?Youcould(might)havebeenmorecareful.Yououghttohavecome,butwhydidn'tyou?modalverb+bedoing:对正在发生的事情进行评价、猜测，表示“想必正在、可能正在、应当正在”It's12o'clock.Theymustbehavinglunch.Theymaybediscussingtheproblem.Hecan'tbetellingthetruth.Sheshouldn'tbeworkinglikethat.Sheisstillsoweak.情态动词专项练习1.—Ihearyou'vegotasetofAustraliancoins.—Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should2.Heseldomlistenstoothers.Heanswerforwhathehasdone.A.shallB.willC.canD.would3.—MayIleavetheofficebefore5o'clockintheafternoon?—No,I'mafraidyou.A.needn'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.won't4.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?—No,you.Idon'tknowhistelephonenumber.A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't5.MrBushisontimeforeverything.Howitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.mustACBAA6.Thetrafficlightisred,soIstopmycar.A.mustB.havetoC.canD.mustn't7.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplanted?—Thetreeswell,butIdidn'twaterthem.A.mightgrowB.needn'thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown8.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave9.Tomshowhisexamresultstohisparents.A.darenotB.daredC.daretoD.daresnotto10.Shethefilm.Sheknowsnothingaboutit.A.can'tseeB.can'thaveseenC.mustseeD.mustn'thaveseenBDBAB11.Theymusthavebeenherethedaybeforeyesterday,?A.mustn'ttheyB.didn'ttheyC.mustn'thavetheyD.hadthey12.—Ididn'tseeheryesterday.—Oh,butyou.A.musthaveB.oughttoC.shouldhaveD.cannothave13.—MustItakeabus?—No,you.Youcanwalkfromhere.A.mustnotB.don'tC.don'thavetoD.hadbetternotto14.—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn'tB.Ican'tC.Ineedn'tD.Iwon't15.IoftengofishingwhenIlivedinthecountryside.A.shouldB.wouldC.couldD.might16.—CouldIuseyourtelephone?—Yes,ofcourseyou.A.couldB.willC.canD.mightBCCBBC17.—Ican'tgetthroughtothegeneralmanager'sofficeanyhow.—Thelineisbusy.Someonethetelephone.A.mustuseB.usesC.musthavebeenusingD.mustbeusing18.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He___bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.A.mightB.mustC.canD.should19.EventhoughI'dhurtmyleg,Iswimbacktotheriverbank.A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto20.Yougotothepartyifyoudon'tfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.won'tB.don'tC.oughtn'tD.shan't21.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?—No,webecausethingsareeasytocatchfire.A.wo