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中国教育体制从近现代以来,一直都分为小学、初中、高中、大学、研究生、博士几个阶段。在小学和初中实行义务教育,学习学校规定的科目,至高中才能自主选择自己以后继续学习的方向——文科或理科。学生在小学和高中阶段都是为高考做准备,承受很大的学习压力。China'seducationsystemfrommodern,havebeendividedintoelementaryschool,juniorhighschool,highschool,college,graduatestudents,doctorseveralstages.Inelementaryschoolandjuniorhighschooleducationiscompulsory,learningtheschoolrulesofsubjects,tohighschoolcanindependentlychoosetheirfuturecontinuetolearndirection-liberalartsorscience.Studentsinelementaryschoolandhighschoolispreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination,andunderalotofpressureofstudy.英国政府多年来为全国五至十六岁的学生提供强制教育。在十三岁到十六岁的时候,学生们进入独立学校(即类似于中国的初级中学),学生们在独立学校的任务基本上是准备GCSE的考试。GCSE是一个普通中学教育证书,学生们可以选择最多至十个不同的科目。拿到了GCSE的证书,也就标志着中学教育的结束。完成中学的课程并拿到GCSE后,学生就可以决定是要念高等学校还是为工作做准备。学生在这时候是不可以直接去大学的,GCSE的完成是相当于中国的高中一年级结束,而中国的高中二年级和三年级(年龄在约16至18岁)就是英国的延续教育(扩充教育)时期。延续教育是指中学教育以上,本科程度以下的教育,通常在延续教育学院而不是在大学修读。课程侧重职业训练方面,但亦照顾到不同年龄人士对一般学术课程的需求。TheBritishgovernmentformanyyearsforthenationalfivetosixteenstudentsprovidecompulsoryeducation.In13to16yearsold,thestudentsintotheindependentschool(thatissimilarinjuniormiddleschool),thestudentsintheindependentschooltaskisbasicallyreadytoGCSEexams.GCSEisanordinarymiddleschooleducationcertificate,thestudentscanchoosethemosttotendifferentsubjects.GotGCSEcertificate,itmarkstheendofthemiddleschooleducation.CompletehighschoolcoursesandgetGCSE,studentscandecideistoreadforhigherschoolorprepareforwork.Studentsatthistimeisnotcandirectlygotouniversity,gcsesfinishingisequivalenttoChinesehighschoolgradeoneend,whileChina'shighschoolgradetwoandgradethree(ageatabout16to18yearsold)isacontinuationoftheBritisheducation(extendededucation)period.Continuationeducationreferstothesecondaryschooleducationorabove,belowtheundergraduatedegreeeducation,usuallyinthecontinueeducationcollegenotintheuniversitystudy.Thecoursefocusesonvocationaltraining,butalsocaretodifferentpeopleagetotheneedsofthegeneralacademiccourse.在高等教育概念上,中国高等教育分为专科生、本科生、硕士生和博士生四个层次,除此之外还有成人高等教育,学校类型分为大学和学院。在英国,高等教育是指大学、学院及其他院校提供的本科以上课程教育和培训,分为本科生、硕士生和博士生,学校类型分为大学、学院、教育机构、公立高等学校、继续教育学院和教育学院。英国学生在获得学位的时候有着等级之分,这取决于学生在学业结业时候的平均成绩,学士学位分为第一等学位、上二等学位、下二等学位、第三等学位(即及格学位或普通学位)。第三等学位不被人们看好。Inthehighereducationconcept,China'shighereducationisdividedintojuniorcollegestudents,undergraduates,master'sanddoctoralfourlevels,inadditionandadulthighereducation,schooltypesaredividedintouniversitiesandcolleges.InBritain,thehighereducationistopointtouniversity,collegeandotherinstitutionsofeducationtoprovidebachelorcoursesandtraining,dividedintoundergraduate,master'sanddoctoralstudent,schooltypesaredividedintouniversity,college,educationinstitutions,publicinstitutionsofhigherlearning,tocontinueeducationcollegeandeducationcollege.Britishstudentsinanacademicdegreetimehavegrades,itdependsonthestudentsintheschoolgraduationtimeaveragescores,bachelor'sdegreeisdividedintothefirstafirst-classdegree,second-classdegree,thesecond-classdegree,suchasthethirddegree(namelypassdegreeorordinarydegree).Suchasthethirddegreeisnotgoodpeople.和中国教育相比,英国在中学教育阶段非常灵活和实用,特别注重学生个性和生存能力的培养。中国的教学像钻井,洞很小,钻得深。英国的教学像铺沙子,面很宽,一层一层铺。AndChineseeducation,comparedtoEnglandinmiddleschooleducationstageisveryflexibleandpractical,payspecialattentiontothestudentindividualityandsurvivalabilitytraining.Chineseteachingasdrilling,holeisverysmall,drilldeep.Britain'steachingspreadlikesand,surfaceisverywide,spreadalayer.
本文标题:中英教育体制差异
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