9.-American-History-美国历史

ExercisesI.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.1.Thestateofisthelargestinareaofallthestates.A.AlaskaB.HawaiiC.TexasD.Florida2.ThelargestriverintheU.S.is.A.theMissouriRiverB.theMississippiRiverC.theOhioRiverD.theColoradoRiver3.SomeoftheworldfamousuniversitieslikeHarvard,YaleandMITarelocated.A.intheSouthB.alongthePacificCoastC.inNewEnglandD.intheMidwest4.——islocatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.A.YellowstoneNationalParkB.TheGrandCanyonC.NiagaraFallsD.TheGreatSaltLakeExercises5.ThenativeAlaskanpopulationincludesthefollowingexceptthe.A.IndiansB.EskimosC.AleutsD.Blacks6.ThelargestminorityintheUnitedStatesisthe.A.PacificIslandersB.BlacksC.NativeAmericansD.Asians7.TheImmigrantsActof1924restrictedthefurtherimmigrationintotheUnitedStates,particularlyfrom.A.EuropeB.AsiaC.AfricaD.SouthAmerica8.ThecharacteristicofdominantAmericancultureis.A.English-speaking,northernEuropean,RomanCatholicandmiddle-classB.English-speaking,westernEuropean,RomanCatholicandupper-classC.English-speaking,northernEuropean,Protestantandupper-classD.English-speaking,westernEuropean,Protestantandmiddle-classExercisesII.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.1.TheeasternhighlandsformedbytheAppalachiansholdonethirdofthecountry'scontinentalterritory.2.TheclimateintheUnitedStatescanbeclassifiedastemperate,withsomemildsubtropicalandtropicalzones.3.AlmostthroughthemiddleoftheUnitedStates,northtosouth,runsawell--known50-centimeterrainfallline.4.NewYorkisthecommercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStates,anditiscomposedoffiveboroughsincludingManhattan,Brooklyn,theBronx,StatenIsland,andQueens.Exercises5.SanFranciscoisthesecondlargestcityafterNewYorkandtheworldfamousHollywoodandDisneylandarelocatedhere.6.Duringthe1830sand1840s,manynorthernEuropeansandIrishimmigrantscametoAmerica.7.AlmosthalfoftheimmigrantscomingtotheUnitedStatesinthe1980swereAsians.8.BasicAmericanculturalvaluesarefreedom,equalityanddesiretoworkhardforahigherstandardofliving.AmericanHistoryChapter9AmericanHistoryI.AmericaintheColonialEraII.TheAmericanWarofIndependenceIII.TheAmericanCivilWarIV.Americainthe20thCenturyV.Americainthe21stCenturyColonizationofNorthAmerica(1607-1776)Indians1ThediscoveryofAmerica2EarlyColonialEra3Indians:The“firstAmericans”TheDiscoveryoftheNewWorldAmerigoVespucciChristopherColumbusWhydidtheearlysettlerscometoAmerica?•Opportunity–ItdrewEnglishmerchantswhodreamedofestablishinggreatnewestatesoutofthewildness.–Itdrewcarpenters,bakers,tailorsandotherskilledworkmenwhocouldnotfindjobinEngland.–Itdrewthepoorandthehomelessfromfarmlandsandvillages.–ItdrewmanyEnglishinsearchofreligiousfreedom.ThefirstsuccessfulEnglishcolonyintheAmericaswasfoundedatJamestown,Virginia,in1607;thesettlementwasfinancedbyaLondoncompanywhichexpectedtomakeaprofitfromthesettlement.Jamestown：詹姆斯敦EnglishSettlementsIn1620,atinyshipcalledthe“Mayflower”sailedfromEnglandfortheNewworld,with102passengers.50%werePilgrims.LandedinwhatisnowPlymouth(普利茅斯),Massachusetts.•PilgrimFathersThePuritans•ThePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritansleaderssawtheNewworldasthearefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave.In1621,thepuritansgatheredinalargecropandthesettlersfixedadatetocelebratetheirharvestinordertoexpresstheirthankstoGodandthehelpoftheIndians.ThisisthebeginningoftheholidaycalledThanksgiving.ThanksgivingDay:(美国是11月的第四个星期四)EnglishSettlementsTheFoundingofthe13Colonies–Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.TheFoundingofthe13Colonies•Unlikemostothernations,theUnitedStatesneverhadafeudalaristocracy.LandwasplentifulandlaborwasscarceincolonialAmerica,andeveryfreemanhadanopportunitytoachieveeconomicindependence,ifnotprosperity.•TheEnglishkingappointedmanyofthecolonialgovernors,buttheyallhadtoruleincooperationwithanelectedassembly.Votingwasrestrictedtolandowningwhitemales.BritaincouldnotexercisedirectcontroloverherAmericancolonies.Thecolonistsweretooindependent-minded.TheBritishgovernmentbegantochargenewtaxes—theStampAct印花税法案.TheCausesoftheAmericanRevolutionBritain’svictoryoftheSevenYears’warleddirectlytoaconflictwithitsAmericancolonies.TheBritishgovernmentarguedthatBritainhadspentlargesumsofmoneytodefendtheirAmericancoloniesinthosewars,sothecolonistsshouldpayapartoftheexpenses.TheQuarteringAct驻军食宿法passedbyBritishParliamentforcedthecoloniestohouseandfeedBritishsoldiers.ButtheAmericansfearedthatnewtaxeswouldmaketradingdifficult,andthatBritishtroopsstationedinthecoloniesmightbeusedtocrushthecivillibertieswhichthecolonistshadenjoyed.HowwastheWarofIndependencestarted?–The“BostonTeaParty”•OnDecember16,1773,whenshipsofteareachedBostontobedistributed,severaldozenBostonresidentsboardedtheshipatnightandthrew$75,000worthofteaintotheharbor.Wherethere’soppression,there’srevolution.FirstContinentalCongressInSeptember,1774,theFirstContinentalCongress,ameetingofcolonialleaderswhoopposedBritishoppressioninthecolonies,metin.disobeytheInt