筛孔板式塔设计

摘要筛板塔是化工生产中主要的气液传质设备。为完成苯-甲苯二元物系的精馏进行了相关塔设备的设计，本次设计的任务为分离进料量50000吨/年，质量分数为40%的苯-甲苯溶液，使塔顶产品苯的质量分数达到96%，塔底釜液质量分数为2%。我们对此塔进行了工艺设计，按照梯级图解法算求得理论板数为15，实际板数为27，,加料位置在第13块板。进行了塔板结构的设计，塔径1.2m，精馏段板间距0.35m，提馏段板间距为0.4m,对塔板进行了校核，均在安全操作范围内，确定了操作点，精馏段弹性操作为5.04，提馏段弹性操作为5.30，符合操作要求。最后进行辅助设备及塔高计算。本次设计包括设备分析、选取、计算、核算、绘图等，是较完整的精馏设计过程，其设计结果满足设计任务要求，结构合理，是一次较理想的设计。关键词：筛板塔；苯-甲苯；精馏；负荷性能图；塔设备；结构AbstractSieveplatetoweristhemaingasliquidmasstransferinchemicalproductionequipment.Tocompletethebinarysystembenzene-toluenedistillationtowerequipment,theuseofdesign,thedesigntasksfortheseparationoffeedrateof50000tons/year,themassfractionof40%ofbenzene-toluenesolution,makethetopproductsofbenzenemassfractionof96%,thebottomkettleliquidmassfractionof2%.Weforthetechnologicaldesignofthistower,accordingtothetheoreticalplatenumberobtainedbycascadegraphicalmethodcalculationfor15,realplatenumberis27,andfeedinglocationin13boards.Forthedesignoftheplatestructure,thetowerdiameter1.2m,platespacingof0.4montheplate,arewithinthescopeofthesafetyoperation,determinetheoperatingpoint,rectifyingsectionelasticoperationis5.04,strippingsectionoftheelasticoperatingat5.30,conformtotherequirementsoftheoperation.Finallyauxiliaryequipmentandheightcalculation.Thisdesignincludingequipmentanalysis,selection,calculation,accounting,drawing,etc.,isacompletedistillationprocessdesign,thedesignresultsatisfiestherequirementofdesigntask,reasonablestructure,isanidealdesign.Keywords:Sieve-platetower；Benzene-Toluene；Rectification；Loadperformancediagram；Distillationequipment；structure目录第一章概述..........................................................................................................51.1苯的性质..................................................................................................51.1.1物理性质.......................................................................................51.1.2化学性质.......................................................................................61.13基本用途......................................................................................61.2甲苯..........................................................................................................71.2.1物理性质.......................................................................................71.2.2化学性质.......................................................................................81.2.3基本用途.......................................................................................8第二章确定设计方案.........................................................................................9第三章工艺计算................................................................................................113.1物料衡算...............................................................................................113.1.1原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分率....................................113.1.2全塔物料衡算.............................................................................113.2确定回流比...........................................................................................113.2.1q线方程......................................................................................123.2.2Rmin和R的确定........................................................................143.3确定理论塔板数和实际塔板数...........................................................153.3.1精馏段操作线方程的确定........................................................153.3.2精馏段和提馏段气液流量的确定............................................153.3.3提馏段操作线方程的确定........................................................153.3.4塔板数的确定.............................................................................153.3.5实际塔板数PN...........................................................................163.4塔的气液负荷计算...............................................................................183.4.1操作压力.....................................................................................183.4.2操作温度.....................................................................................183.4.3平均摩尔质量计算.....................................................................183.4.4平均密度计算.............................................................................193.4.5液相平均表面张力的计算.........................................................203.4.6塔的气液负荷计算.....................................................................21第四章精馏塔塔体工艺尺寸的计算................................................................224.1塔间距的初估........................................................................................224.2.塔径的计算............................................................................................224.3溢流装置设计.......................................................................................244.4塔板布置................................................................................................264.4.1塔板的分块.................................................................................264.4.2边缘区宽度.................................................................................274.4.3开孔区面积计算.............................................