玉米副产品在奶牛饲养中的应用

DavidAnderson,TexasA&MUniversityC.WilsonGray,UniversityofIdahoFeedingCornCo-productsinDairyHerdsOverview•OverviewofDDGsCharacteristics–Typesofcornco-products–ChallengesinFeedingcornco-products•Economicsofcornco-products•SummaryForStarters…•ThisIsn’tNew–BrewersandDistillersGrainhavebeenfedforever•Can’tJustFeeditAlone–Therearen’tmanyfeedsyoucanfeedexclusively•IfPriceisRightandWe’llFeedALotLocation,Location,Location…•Where’stheFeed?•WherearetheLivestock?Distiller’sGrainBasicsKeypointsonethanolco-products•Whattypesofproductsareavailable?•Howmuchproductcanbeusedintheration?•Howdifferentarethenutritionalpropertiesofspecificco-products(lowoil,lowprotein,modifiedmoisture,mixtures)?•Whichfeedrationcombinationsworkbest?•Canthevariationinsomenutrientsbereduced?Source:DanLoy,ISUTypesofDDGProcessing•WetMill–Accountsforlargestshare&costly–MultipleProducts:•highfructosesweetener,cornoil,ethanol•cornglutenmeal,cornglutenfeedandothertypes•DryGrind–Generallysmallerandlesscostly–TwoProducts:•Ethanol•DistillersGrainandSolublesWetMilling-CornGlutenFeedCORNSTEEPWASHWATERGRINDSEPARATIONWETCORNGLUTENFEEDSTARCH,SWEETNER,ALCOHOLGLUTENMEALCORNOILSTEEPCORNBRANDRYCORNGLUTENFEEDSEM,screenings,distsolublesProductsofWetCornMilling•Onebushelofcornproduces:ProductPounds–Starch31.5Furtherprocessedinto33#ofsweeteneror2.5gallonsofethanol–Glutenfeed13.5–Glutenmeal2.5–Cornmeal1.6CornGlutenFeed(CGF)•Cornbran+steep•Canbewetordry•Moderatecrudeprotein,CP=16-23%–80%ofCPisDIP(ruminallydegradable)•Lowfat,moderatefiber,TDN=80•101-115%ofenergyvalueofdry-rolledcorn•Productvariationissignificantwithinandacrossplantsduetoamountofsteepaddedbacktothecornbran•Oatmeal-typeappearanceDryMilling-DistillersGrains+SolublesCORNGRIND,WET,COOKFERMENTATIONYEAST,ENZYMESSTILLALCOHOL&CO2STILLAGEDISTILLERSGRAINSWDG,DDGDISTILLERSSOLUBLESWDGSDDGSProductsofDryCornMilling•Onebushelofcornproduces:–Ethanol2.7gallons–Distillersgrains&solubles17-18pounds•DGSareonethirdtheweightofthecornandallbutthestarchisconcentratedintothisone-third•Sulfurisconcentratedandmayhavebeenusedinthefermentingprocess•Mycotoxins,iftheyexistedinthecornarealsoconcentrated3:1DistillersGrains+Solubles•DistillersGrains(65%)&Solubles(35%)(DMbasis)•Maybewetordried•Highercrudeprotein,CP=30%–65%UIP(undegraded,“bypass”,protein)•Highfat(11%),TDN=70-110•Concentratesnutrients3-foldfromcorn–0.8%P,0.35-1.0%Sulfur(variable)•Mashedpotatoes-typeappearanceNutrientCompositionofSelectedCornMillingCo-ProductsStarchRemovalConcentrates-OtherNutrients0100200300400500ProteinNDFStarchFatPKSNutrient%ofCornGrainCGFDGSSource:DanLoy,ISURuminantEnergyValueofDDGS•GoodQualityDDGScontains:7-11%moreenergythan“bookvalues”10-20%moreenergythancornNEL=1.00Mcal/lbNEM=1.06Mcal/lbNEG=0.73Mcal/lbTDN=94%DE=1.84Mcal/lbME=1.64Mcal/lbProteininDistiller’sGrains•30%ofDMandmorethanold“bookvalues”–SimilarforDDG&DDGS•GoodsourceofRuminallyUndegradableProtein(approximately55%RUP)–RUPisslightlylessforwetvs.dryDDG•Proteinquality–Fairlygoodquality–LysineisfirstlimitingaminoacidHowMuchCanbeFedtoDairyCows?•Max.of~20%ofrationDM-10-13lb/dofdried-30-40lb/dofwet•Usuallynopalatabilityproblemat30%ofDM:–MaydecreaseDMI,especiallyifWetCDG–Mayfeedexcessprotein•At30%ofDM–Maynegativelyimpactbutterfatandproteininmilk•Calves–Upto20%DMI•ReplacementHeifers–Upto25%DMISource:Shurson,UofMNChallengesChallengesofDDGS•Storageandhandlingismorecostly•Highlevelsoffeedingmanagementisrequired–Bunkmanagementandmixing–Nutrientbalances•Nutrient(manure)managementismorecostly–Somenutrientsareconcentrated(e.g.,P)Source:DanLoy,ISUChallengesofDDGS•Mustbegoldenbrown–Darkbrownisoverheatedandtiesuplysine•Flowability•Pelletquality•Requiresanotherbinforstorage•Abruptchangesmayputcowsoff-feedChallengesofDDGS•Wetvs.DryDistiller’sGrainsforDairyCows–NutrientcontentofDMisthesame–WetDistiller’sGrainsConsiderations•Usualstorageperiodis5-7days•Mayrequirepreservatives(e.g.propionicacid)•Limitedhaulingdistance•Maymakerationstoowet–LimitstotalDMintakeespeciallywhensilagesareusedStoringWetDGS•StoringWetDGSproduct:–Oftendeliveredintruckloadlots–CanstorewetDGSinbunker,silagebagorinpilecoveredwithplastictoprotectfromair–Shouldmixwithtub-groundforageandsotredinbunkerorbag–Needtohavethe“mix:right….Economics:ALittleSupplyandDemand05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,0001981/821983/841985/861987/881989/901991/921993/941995/961997/981999/002001/022003/042005/062007/082009/102011/121,000tonsU.S.DistillersGrainProductionPotentialDDGUsageSpeciesLimit%Useb/lbsFedCattle3528.9Cows/Stockers4.0Dairy1015.0Hogs109.0Sows153.0Broilers1013.0Turkeys101.6Total74.5Note:Useb/lbsisusageinbillionpounds05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,0001981/821983/841985/861987/881989/901991/921993/941995/961997/981999/002001/022003/042005/062007/082009/102011/121,000tonsRealisticUsePotentialUseDistillersGrainProduction&Use0.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.61/5/20062/5/20063/5/20064/5/20065/5/20066/5/20067/5/20068/5/20069/5/200610/5/200611/5/200612/5/20061/5/20072/5/2007RatioofCorntoDDGSPricesRatioofDollarsperPound,CentralIllinoisDDGSandTexasTria