语法3 李达, 虚拟语气

虚拟语气核心：表格李达if引导的虚拟-基本表格时间if从句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式现在did/were不管是什么人称be都变成wereshouldwouldcouldmight+do只有这四个情态动词主句从句都与现在事实相反：假如我有时间，我会小睡一会儿。如果我是你，我会为自己感到自豪。if引导的虚拟-基本表格时间if从句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式过去had+doneshouldwouldcouldmight+havedone只有这四个情态动词主句从句都与现在事实相反：如果昨天夜里我没有出去玩耍，我就能完成作业。if引导的虚拟-基本表格时间if从句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式将来wereto+doshould+doshouldwouldcouldmight+do只有这四个情态动词主句从句都与现在事实相反：如果他去学文学，他有可能会成为一个有名气的作家。如果我明天出发的话，我应该在周日就能到达。if引导的虚拟-基本表格由于“混合虚拟”，表格可以不左右一一对应的来用if引导的虚拟-混合虚拟如果我是你，我昨天就会买下那件衬衫。如果我去过努力学习，我现在就会坐在你坐的那个位置上。if引导的虚拟-省略if的倒装型当if从句中还有助动词should,had,were时，可以把if去掉，把助动词放在句首，剩下的不变。if引导的虚拟-省略if的倒装型当if从句中还有助动词should,had,were时，可以把if去掉，把助动词放在句首，剩下的不变。Ifsb.had(not)……,……=Hadsb.(not)………,……….Ifsb.should(not)……,…..=Shouldsb.(not)………,……Ifsb.were(not)……..,…….=Weresb.(not)……,……..Ifsb.were(not)to……,……=Weresb.(not)to……,……if引导的虚拟-省略if的倒装型IfIhadnothungoutlastnight,Iwouldnothavegotahangover.Ifheweretostudyliterature,hecouldbecomeagreatpoet.IfIshouldsetouttomorrow,IcouldgetthereonSunday.有真有假型虚拟语气句和表达实际情况的句子混合解题技巧：通过语境判断，看表达的到底是真实的，还是虚拟的。有真有假型Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe________.(2010安徽)A.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusyD.willbebusy解题步骤Step1找时间：看主句和从句是否有单独的时间状语Step2有单独-主从时态不一致-对号入座：通过时间状语/语境判断（注意“有真有假”型）无单独-主从时态一致：通过谓语形式判断Step3注意倒装形式，做出选择解题步骤-练习Ifwe________theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.（2010陕西）A.TakeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetakenThisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(2009天津)A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.mightItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_______inlove,attheageof7,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(2002上海)A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallC.shouldfallD.weretofall解题步骤-练习-Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.-Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_______.(2010北京)A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdiedD.wouldn’thavediedWhatwouldhavehappened_______,asfarastheriverbank?(2001上海)A.BodhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther解题步骤-练习HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy_____.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved特殊句型之shoulddo类1.……that+sb.+(should)do/(should)bedone4421特殊句型之shoulddo类1.……that+sb.+(should)do/(should)bedone4421Hisaccentsuggestedhe________(come)fromabroad.解题技巧Step1圈出标志词——4421的词Step2选出动词原形——shoulddo/doshouldbedone/bedone解题技巧-练习Teacherrecommendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicycletoschoolforsafety.(2010福建)A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow-Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_______toMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.(2005江苏)A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what特殊句型之wish类-看句意1.wish/wished……2.asif/though……3.ifonly……4.wouldrather=’drather……sb.+过去式与现在相反sb.+would/could+do与将来相反sb.+haddone与过去相反sb.+would/could+havedone与过去相反+sb.+过去式与现在/将来相反sb.+haddone与过去相反sb.+would/could+havedone与过去相反+特殊句型之wish类-看句意1.wish/wished……2.asif/though……3.ifonly……4.wouldrather=’drather……当wouldrather后面不接句子时，一定要用wouldratherdo/notdosb.+过去式与现在相反sb.+would/could+do与将来相反sb.+haddone与过去相反sb.+would/could+havedone与过去相反+sb.+过去式与现在/将来相反sb.+haddone与过去相反sb.+would/could+havedone与过去相反+解题技巧-练习我希望我在大学里学的是设计而不是英语。要是我是你就好了。我希望我在将来那一天中能在天空中翱翔。要是我能早点收到你的来信就好了。我宁愿你下周来。他对待我如同陌生人一样。解题技巧-练习Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe______moreonhisculture.(2010江苏)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused特殊句型之其他：看句意1.without(=butfor)……,……Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnothavesucceeded.没有空气的话，人就不能生存。特殊句型之其他：看句意2.Itis/wastimehightimeabouttime我们早该结束那个晚会了。这篇文章早该发表了。+that+n.+did（过去式）情态动词+havedone1.must+havedone2.can/could+havedone3.may/might+havedone4.should/oughtto+havedone5.shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+havedone6.needn’t+havedoneneeddoing=needtobedone主动表被动