高考虚拟语气精选

虚拟语气：是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、猜测、建议、主观愿望、夸张或空想，而非客观事实。一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+助动词的过去式（were,did,had）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.与将来事实相反的假设①If+主语+动词过去式②If+主语+wereto+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.1.错综时间条件句（混合条件句）主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.1.虚拟语气倒装形式（省略if）虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,had可以将if省略再把上述这些词移到句首实行倒装。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.→Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.注：在倒装时，不能有缩略形式：Weren’titfortheexpense(*)→Wereitnotfortheexpense2.介词短语代替条件状语从句常用词：with,butfor,withoutWhatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…3.含蓄条件句有在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)二．虚拟语气在名词性从句1.虚拟语气用于宾语从句：在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建议,command命令,demand要求，request请求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer宁愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide决定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她马上就做。在Itis/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建议我们明早动身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff2.虚拟语气用于主语从句：在apity,ashame,nowonder,strange,sorry,necessary,natural,impossible,important后面that引导的主语从句总要使用should+动词原形，should可以被省略，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要参加会议。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必须按时到达那儿。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that从句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.3.虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句，从句中同样使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。这些名词有advice,demand,plan,eida,order,request,proposal,suggestion等。WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoBeijingforsightseeing.Myideaisthatweshoulddoexercisesfirst.虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)或“would/could+现在完成时”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我当时在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.(对现在的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一点就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在asif/asthough引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去过美国。在wouldrather结构中wouldratherdosth.表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆着。wouldratherhavedonesth.表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。wouldrathersb.Did表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。wouldrathersb.haddone表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在Itis(about,high)time+(that)从句中从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.咱们应该开始干活了。