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一、词语1、名词这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is名词复数如何加后缀:各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况:1)直接加-sbook-booksbag-bagscat-catsbed-beds以s.x.sh.ch2)结尾加-esbus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watchespeach—peachesglass--glasses3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-esfamily-familiesstudy--studies4)以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-esknife-knives不规则名词复数man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-micefoot-feetchild-childrenfish-fishChinese-Chinese英语下册知识点总结一、重点短语讲解1.playwith和…一起玩,playwithsb.(某人)和…一起玩,playwithsth.(某物)玩某物eg.LucyandLilyareplayingwiththeirmother.LucyandLilyareplayingwiththeirdoll.2.alotof很多alotof=lotsof+可数名词复数或不可数名词eg.同义句转换Therearealotofapplesonthetable.=Thereareapplesonthetable.3.howoften多久一次,howoften是一个特殊疑问词,就频率提问。英语表示频率的词:一次:once两次:twice特殊其他次数:基数词+times构成例如:8次eighttimese.g.--Howoftendoyougotothelibrary?Igotothelibraryonceaweek.(注:如就划线部分提问,应用特殊疑问词howoften)4.howmany多少,howmany/much就数量提问.howmany+可数名词;howmuch+不可数名词e.g.--Howmanyboysarethereinyourclass?Thereare40boysinmyclass.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.5.begoodat擅长at后可加名词或动词。如加动词,应用动名词形式即:v+inge.g.IamgoodatEnglish.6.beinterestedin对….感兴趣in后可加名词或动词。如加动词,动词应用动名词形式即:v+inge.g.IaminterestedinEnglish.7.playtheviolin拉小提琴,乐器前加定冠词the8.listentomusic听音乐,听…,用listento1)听音乐前不加定冠词the;2)听收音机前,要加定冠词the:listentotheradio.9.comefrom来自,comefrom=befrom,IcomefromChina.=IamfromChina.易错点:Whereareyoucomefrom?(错误)Wheredoyoucomefrom?(正确)10.playfootball踢足球{球类名词前不加冠词}11.befamousfor因…闻名12.havealookat看一看havealookat=lookat13.howmuch多少(钱),howmuch用来询问价格14.apairof一双,一对;apairofglasses,apairoftrousers15.tryon试穿试穿鞋子tryontheshoes=trytheshoeson;试穿它,此处它是代词,只能放在tryon之间tryiton16.seeadoctor看医生常用表示“看”的单词有:watch;see;look;read;watch:用于看电视,比赛等;watchTV,watchfootballmatchsee:看见强调结果,看到什么;看电影、看医生时用seeafilm;seeadoctor17.takegoodcareof好好照顾take(good)careof=lookafter18.haveafever发烧have+表示症状的单词haveafever;haveatoothache;haveaheadachehave+病名havemeasles(麻疹)havemumps(腮腺炎)19.haveto不得不Eg:Hermotherisill,shehastolookafterhermother,soshecan’tcometotheparty.重点:含有haveto的句子变否定用don’tdoesn’te.g.Shehastofinishherhomework.变否定句为:Shedoesn’thavetofinishherhomework.(正确)20.worriedabout担心Sheworriedaboutherexam.21.helpwith帮助…做某事helpwith=helpsb(to)dosth.Eg:Peterhelpshermotherwiththehousework.=Peterhelpshermother(to)dothehousework.二、重点单词用法1.callv称作WhatdoyoucallinEnglish?2.Likev喜欢1)likesth.IlikeEnglishverymuch2)liketodosth.Ilikereadingverymuch,butIdon’tliketoreadnow.3)likedoingsth.动词原形3.let’s+动词原形Let’s(=letus)makeanimals.letsb.dosth.让某人做某事4.want想,想要1)wantsth.Iwantapieceofpaper.2)wanttodosth.IwanttowatchTV.5.情态动词情态动词很简单,没有人称数之变,动词原形后边站。can表能力;may许可;should应该;would愿;must必须,否定needn’t换haveto不得不表客观三、重点语法A)一般现在时1.概念:一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2.构成:有两种构成形式(1)be型句子的谓语动词只有be(am,is,are)a肯定句中,只出现be:Iamastudent.我是一名学生。b.否定句中,要在be后面加not,如:Sheisn'tteacher.她不是教师。c.一般疑问句中,要将be放在句子开头(注意句首字母大写),句尾用问号,答语用Yes,主语+be.或No,主语+be+not如:Areyouready?—你准备好了吗?—Yes,Iam.—是的,我准备好了。No,I’mnot.我没准备好。)(2)实义动词型:句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词):a.肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如:Igetupinthemorning.我早晨起床。b.否定句中,要在实义动词前面加do(does)+not,do(does)作助动词,本身无意义,常与not缩写成don't(doesn't),如:Idon'tlikevegetables.我不喜欢蔬菜。c.一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do(does),句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语+do(does).或No,主语+do(does)+not.如:—Doyoulikeoranges?—你喜欢桔子吗?—Yes,Ido.—是的,我喜欢。3一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频繁度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…,sometimes,Eg:Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglish,butdoesnotspeakwell.B)一般将来时1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。2.基本结构:①begoingto+do.②will+do3.否定句:在be动词后面加not或在will后面加not成won’t。例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.否定句为:Iamnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.4一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutgoingthisweekend.Areyougoingtogoonanoutgoingthisweekend?四、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况1.问人。Who例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon?2.问干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon?3.问什么时候。When.例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.Whenisshegoingtobed?四、同义句:begoingto=willEg:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.五、begoingto和will的区别begoingto和will的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,但它们的用法是有区别的。1.begoingto主要用于:(1)、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。Whatareyougoingtodotoday?今天你们打算做什么?DadandIgoingtoseeaBeijingoperathisafternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧。Iamgoingtoplaytheviolin.我打算拉小提琴。She’sgoingtoplaythepiano.她打算弹钢琴。(2)、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。e.g.Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.IamafraidIamgoingtohaveacold.恐怕我要患重感冒。2.will主要用于以下几个方面:(1)表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。e.g.Theywillgotovisitthefactorytomorrow.明天他们将去工厂参观。I’llcomewithWangBing,LiuTaoandYangLing.我和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。(2)、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。e.g.TodayisSaturday.TomorrowisSunday.今天是星期六,明天是(将)是星期日。Hewillbethirtyyearsoldthistimenextyear.明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。(3)、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令.e.g.Willyoupleaseturnontheradio?请打开收音机好吗?C)现在进行时构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分
本文标题:小学五年级英语下册语法
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