440.1R-06-Guide-for-the-Design-and-Construction-of

ACI440.1R-06supersedesACI440.1R-03andbecameeffectiveFebruary10,2006.Copyright©2006,AmericanConcreteInstitute.Allrightsreservedincludingrightsofreproductionanduseinanyformorbyanymeans,includingthemakingofcopiesbyanyphotoprocess,orbyelectronicormechanicaldevice,printed,written,ororal,orrecordingforsoundorvisualreproductionorforuseinanyknowledgeorretrievalsystemordevice,unlesspermissioninwritingisobtainedfromthecopyrightproprietors.440.1R-1ACICommitteeReports,Guides,andCommentariesareintendedforguidanceinplanning,designing,executing,andinspectingconstruction.Thisdocumentisintendedfortheuseofindividualswhoarecompetenttoevaluatethesignificanceandlimitationsofitscontentandrecommendationsandwhowillacceptresponsibilityfortheapplicationofthematerialitcontains.TheAmericanConcreteInstitutedisclaimsanyandallresponsibilityforthestatedprinciples.TheInstituteshallnotbeliableforanylossordamagearisingtherefrom.Referencetothisdocumentshallnotbemadeincontractdocuments.IfitemsfoundinthisdocumentaredesiredbytheArchitect/Engineertobeapartofthecontractdocuments,theyshallberestatedinmandatorylanguageforincorporationbytheArchitect/Engineer.GuidefortheDesignandConstructionofStructuralConcreteReinforcedwithFRPBarsACI440.1R-06TarekAlkhrdajiEdwardR.FyfeJamesKorffMorrisSchupackCharlesE.Bakis*T.RussellGentryMichaelW.LeeDavidW.ScottP.N.BalaguruJanosGergelyJohnLevarRajanSenLawrenceC.BankWilliamJ.GoldIbrahimM.MahfouzKhaledA.SoudkiAbdeldjelilBelarbiNabilF.GraceOrangeS.MarshallSamuelA.SteereBrahimBenmokraneMarkF.GreenAmirMirmiranRobertSteffenGreggJ.BlaszakZarehB.GregorianAymanS.MosallamGamilS.TadrosTimothyE.Bradberry*Doug.D.GremelAntonioNanni*†JayThomasGordonL.BrownH.R.TreyHamiltonKennethNealeHoussamA.ToutanjiVickiL.BrownIssamE.HarikJohnP.NewhookJ.GustavoTumialanT.IvanCampbellKentA.HarriesMaxL.PorterMilanVatovecRaafatEl-HachaMarkP.HendersonMarkPostmaStephanieL.WalkupGarthJ.FallisBohdanN.HoreczkoHayderA.RasheedDavidWhiteAmirZ.FamVistaspM.KarbhariSamiH.RizkallaJohnP.BuselChairCarolK.Shield*Secretary*Contributingauthors.ThecommitteealsothanksRobertJ.Frosch,ShawnGross,RenatoParretti,andCarlosE.Ospinafortheircontributions.†SubcommitteeChair.ReportedbyACICommittee440Fiber-reinforcedpolymer(FRP)materialshaveemergedasanalternativematerialforproducingreinforcingbarsforconcretestructures.FRPreinforcingbarsofferadvantagesoversteelreinforcementinthatFRPbarsarenoncorrosive,andsomeFRPbarsarenonconductive.DuetootherdifferencesinthephysicalandmechanicalbehaviorofFRPmaterialsversussteel,uniqueguidanceontheengineeringandconstructionofconcretestructuresreinforcedwithFRPbarsisneeded.Othercountries,suchasJapanandCanada,haveestablisheddesignandconstructionguidelinesspecificallyfortheuseofFRPbarsasconcretereinforcement.ThisguideoffersgeneralinformationonthehistoryanduseofFRPreinforcement,adescriptionoftheuniquematerialpropertiesofFRP,andguidelinesfortheconstructionanddesignofstructuralconcretemembersreinforcedwithFRPbars.Thisguideisbasedontheknowledgegainedfromworldwideexperimentalresearch,analyticalwork,andfieldapplicationsofFRPreinforcement.keywords:aramidfibers;carbonfibers;developmentlength;fiber-reinforcedpolymers;flexure;glassfibers;moment;reinforcement;shear;slab;strength.CONTENTSChapter1—Introduction,p.440.1R-21.1—Scope1.2—Definitions1.3—Notation1.4—ApplicationsanduseChapter2—Backgroundinformation,p.440.1R-62.1—Historicaldevelopment2.2—CommerciallyavailableFRPreinforcingbars2.3—HistoryofuseChapter3—Materialcharacteristics,p.440.1R-83.1—Physicalproperties3.2—Mechanicalpropertiesandbehavior3.3—Time-dependentbehavior3.4—EffectsofhightemperaturesandfireChapter4—Durability,p.440.1R-13CopyrightAmericanConcreteInstituteProvidedbyIHSunderlicensewithACILicensee=UniversityofTexasRevisedSubAccount/5620001114NotforResale,05/10/201201:44:05MDTNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,`,`````,,,,,``,,``,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---440.1R-2ACICOMMITTEEREPORTChapter5—Materialrequirementsandtesting,p.440.1R-145.1—StrengthandmodulusgradesofFRPbars5.2—Surfacegeometry5.3—Barsizes5.4—Baridentification5.5—Straightbars5.6—BentbarsChapter6—Constructionpractices,p.440.1R-166.1—Handlingandstorageofmaterials6.2—Placementandassemblyofmaterials6.3—QualitycontrolandinspectionChapter7—Generaldesignconsiderations,p.440.1R-167.1—Designphilosophy7.2—DesignmaterialpropertiesChapter8—Flexure,p.440.1R-188.1—Generalconsiderations8.2—Flexuralstrength8.3—Serviceability8.4—CreepruptureandfatigueChapter9—Shear,p.440.1R-249.1—Generalconsiderations9.2—ShearstrengthofFRP-reinforcedmembers9.3—Detailingofshearstirrups9.4—ShearstrengthofFRP-reinforcedtwo-wayconcreteslabsChapter10—Temperatureandshrinkagereinforcement,p.440.1R-27Chapter11—Developmentandsplicesofreinforcement,p.440.1R-2811.1—Developmentofstressinstraightbar11.2—Developmentlengthofbentbar11.3—Developmentofpositivemomentreinforcement11.4—TensionlapspliceChapter12—References,p.440.1R-3012.1—Referencedstandardsandreports12.2—CitedreferencesChapter13—Beamdesignexample,p.440.1R-38AppendixA—Slabs-on-ground,p.440.1R-44A.1—Designofpla