体系结构和流程设计的应用

陈士昂整理日期：05年10月17日知识素材：体系结构和流程设计的应用AMT－企业资源管理研究中心©本资料在企业资源管理研究中心（AMT）文档控制范围之内，在得到许可后方可使用资料来源：〔ApplicationArchitecture&ProcessDesign〕知识素材日程第一部分何谓信息系统的体系结构第二部分集中式和分布式的体系结构第三部分信息系统设计中的数据库设计第四部分用户和数据系统界面问题第五部分大标题5第六部分大标题63ApplicationArchitecture&ProcessDesignIntroductionThechapterwilladdressthefollowingquestions:Whatisaninformationsystem’sarchitectureintermsofDATA,PROCESSES,INTERFACES,andNETWORKS—thebuildingblocksofallinformationsystems?Whatarebothcentralizedanddistributedcomputingalternativesforinformationsystemdesign,includingvariousclient/serverandInternet/intranetoptions?Whatarethedatabaseanddatadistributionalternativesforinformationsystemdesign?Whatarethemakeversusbuyalternativesandvariationsforinformationsystemdesign?Whataretheuserandsysteminterfacealternativesforinformationsystemdesign?4ApplicationArchitecture&ProcessDesignIntroductionThechapterwilladdressthefollowingquestions:Whatarethevariousnetworkingtopologiesandtheirimportanceininformationsystemdesign?Whatarethemethodsforgeneralapplicationarchitectureanddesign?Whatarethedifferencesbetweenlogicalandphysicaldataflowdiagrams,andexplainhowphysicaldataflowdiagramsareusedtomodelapplicationarchitectureandguideprocessdesign?Howdoyoudrawphysicaldataflowdiagramsforasystem/application?5ApplicationArchitecture&ProcessDesignGeneralSystemDesignDuringgeneralsystemsdesignthebasictechnicaldecisionsaremade.Thesedecisionsinclude:Willthesystemusecentralizedordistributed?Willthesystem’sdatastoresbecentralizedordistributed?Ifdistributed,howso?Whatdatastoragetechnology(s)willbeused?Willsoftwarebepurchased,builtin-house,orboth?Forprogramstobewritten,whattechnology(s)willbeused?Howwillusersinterfacewiththesystem?Howwilldatabeinput?Howwilloutputsbegenerated?Howwillthesysteminterfacetoother,existingsystems?6ApplicationArchitecture&ProcessDesignGeneralSystemDesignThedecisionsmadeduringgeneralsystemsdesignconstitutetheapplicationarchitectureofthesystem.Anapplicationarchitecturedefinesthetechnologiestobeusedby(andtobuild)one,more,orallinformationsystemsintermsofitsdata,process,interface,andnetworkcomponents.Itservesasaframeworkforgeneraldesign.7ApplicationArchitecture&ProcessDesignINFORMATIONSYSTEMSFRAMEWORKSYSTEMANALYSTSINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYARCHITECTURESYSTEMBUILDERS(components)SYSTEMDESIGNERS(specification)SYSTEMUSERS(requirements)SYSTEMOWNERS(scope)DatabaseArchitectureDatabaseScehmaDataRequirementsBusinessSubjectsFOCUSONSYSTEMDATAApplicationSchemaBusinessProcessesBusinessFunctionsFOCUSONSYSTEMPROCESSESInterfaceSchemaInterfaceRequirementsSystemContextFOCUSONSYSTEMINTERFACESProcessorandSoftwareArchitectureInterfaceArchitectureNetworkingArchitectureNetworkSchemaCommunicationReqts.OperatingLocationsFOCUSONSYSTEMGEOGRAPHYArchitectureProjectorConfigurationImplementationPhase(deliverthenewsystemintooperation)Design/ConstructionPhases(designanddevelopthesystemsolution)DefinitionPhase(establishandprioritizebusinesssystemrequirements)StudyPhase(establishsystemimprovementobjectives)SurveyPhase(establishscopeandprojectplan)SystemDevelopmentCUSTOMERcustomer-nocustomer-namecustomer-ratingbalance-duePRODUCTproduct-noproduct-nameunit-of-measureunit-pricequantity-availableORDERorder-noorder-dateproducts-orderedquantities-orderedOrderFormHelp+CustomerFormProductLookupLogonNewCustomerNewOrderOrderAcceptedChangeofAddressFirstOrderRequestOrderHelpOrderHelpCompleteRequestProductLookupRequestProductLookupHelpProductLookupHelpCompleteCustomersorderzero,one,ormoreproducts.Productsmaybeorderedbyzero,one,ormorecustomers.MarketingAdvertisingOrdersSalesCancellationsServicesOrderManagementSystemCustomerAccountsReceivableDatabaseWarehouseBankOrderPickingOrderCreditCreditVoucherCheckcreditValidatecustomerValidateproductsReleaseorderCustomersOrdersProductsordercustomernumbervalidorderorderwithoutvalidcustomercreditorderwithvalidproductsapprovedorderquantityinstockapprovedorderrejectedorderpricespickingticketEDICustSt.LouisHQLAOfficeIndyWare-houseNYOfficeWestCustomersEastCustomersMaintenanceRecordsProductsCatalogordercatalogchangesshipordershipordershipordercreditcreditserviceCUSTOMERcustomer_no[Alpha(10)]INDEXcustomer_name[Alpha(32)]customer_rating[Alpha(1)]INDEXbalance_due[Real(5,2)]PRODUCTproduct_no[Alpha(10)]INDEXproduct_name[Alpha(32)]unit_of_measure[Alpha(2)]unit_price[Real(3,2)]quantity_available[Integer(4)]ORDERorder_no[Alpha(12)]INDEXorder_date[Date(mmddyyyy)CUSTOMER.customer_noORDER_PRODUCTORDER.order_noPRODUCT.product_noquantity_ordered[Integer(2)OrderProcessingProgramProcessanOrderInitiationRoutineShutdownRoutineGetanOrderValidateanOrderFileanOrderCheckCustomerCreditCheckProductDataCheckCreditDataReleaseanOrderCustomersProductsOrdersSt.LouisMainframeIndyAIXServerNTServerLANTServerNYCommunicationsControllerPBXEnternetLANAIX/LanManagerEthernetLAN/NTEthernetLAN/NTClientPCClientPCClientPCClientPCFirecrackerSalesDatabaseDecisionsProcessDecisionsInterfaceDecisionsNetworkDecisions8ApplicationArchitecture&ProcessDesignInformationTechnologyArchitectureNetworkArchitecturesforClient/Server