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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 2012年高考英语动词的时态和语态(二)
Hold住高分四步法HitthechartsDevelopskillsOvercomedifficultiesListmethods问题攻克方法能力问题排行榜(Hitthecharts)一方法列举(Listmethods)三攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二能力拓展(Developskills)四高考动词时态语态易错点有哪些?高考动词语态主要考点是什么?哪些情况下主动形式可以表被动意义?各种时态的被动语态的构成?用法?问题排行榜(Hitthecharts)一各种时态的被动语态的构成?用法?攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二1.被动语态的构成:be/get+及物动词的过去分词攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二类别构成形式例句时态一般现在时am/is/are+doneEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld.一般过去时was/were+doneWewereaskedtohelpthem.一般将来时will/shall+bedoneAclassmeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.过去将来时should/would+bedoneShesaidthoseflowersshouldbewatered.现在进行时is/am/are+beingdoneTheblackboardisbeingpaintednow.过去进行时was/were+beingdoneThoseflowerswerebeingwateredwhenIleft.现在完成时have/has+beendoneAlltheseflowershavebeenwatered.过去完成时had+beendoneThebuildinghadbeencompletedbeforeIarrived.谓语动词含情态动词情态动词+bedoneThesebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.含双宾语变其中一个,大多把表示人的间接宾语变为主语Hewasgivensomebooks./Somebooksweregiventohim.短语动词其中构成短语动词的介词或副词不可以丢掉,如lookafter/callon/takecareof/payatten-tionto等Theoldwomanwasoftenlaughedat.Timemustbemadefulluseof.复合宾语一般情况宾语变主语,宾补就成了主补Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Hewasmadeourmonitor.用不带to的不定式作宾补的感官动词和使役动词感官动词和使役动词在被动语态中的宾语补足语to要带上,常用动词有:see/hear/have/watch/notice/help/feel等Thechildrenweremadetowork12hoursaday.Shewasheardtoplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.2.英语中被动语态常用于下列几种场合:不知道动作的执行者;不必提到动作的执行者;强调或侧重动作的承受者;动作的执行者很模糊或是无生命的事物时;有些动词习惯上常用被动语态以及在文章标题、广告、新闻等中。e.g.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二It’ssuggestedthatweputthemeetingoff.Thewindowglasswasbrokenbyastone.Girlswanted.3.“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构的被动结构Itisknownthat...众所周知攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二Itissuggestedthat...有人建议Itisbelievedthat...有人相信Itishopedthat...大家希望Itisthoughtthat...大家认为攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二3.被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态中的过去分词是动词,表示动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,表示状态。Thesethingsaresoldquickly.(被动语态)Thesethingsareallsoldout.(系表结构)攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二常使用系表结构的词有:beseated坐着,behidden躲藏,belost迷路,bedrunk喝醉,bedressed穿着,bedevotedto致力于;献身,bedetermined决定,becompared比较。攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二4.不使用被动语态的几种情况(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。e.g.(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二(2)当breakout,takeplace,gooff,runout,giveout,givein,workout,comeout,comeintobeing,runout,givein,happen,takeplace等动词表示“发生;制定”等意思时。E.g.Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二(3)系动词无被动语态,如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。e.g.Itsoundsgood.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二哪些情况下主动形式可以表被动意义?攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二1.表示主语特征、性质、状态的动词wash,clean,cook,iron,cut,sell,read,wear,draw,write等且带状语修饰语时。e.g.Thebooksellswell.Thiscoatdrieseasily.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二2.betoblame(受谴责),betorent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。e.g.Iwastoblamefortheaccident.3.在want,need,require,want,worth,deserve后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.Theseflowerswant/require/needwatering.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二4.在“be+形容词+todo”中,不定式与主语或被修饰名词是逻辑上的动宾关系,用主动形式。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.Thisisahardquestiontoanswer.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二5.用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系,又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二6.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。E.g.Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二7.少数动词用于进行时,其主动形式表示被动含义,如print,cook,fry,hang,build,make。E.g.Thebooksareprinting.Themeatiscooking.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二8.介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,有被动之意,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二常见的有:undercontrol(受控制);undertreatment(在治疗中);underrepair(在修理中);underdiscussion(在讨论中);underconstruction(在施工中);beyondbelief(令人难以置信);beyondone’sreach(鞭长莫及);beyondone’scontrol(无法控制);beyondourhope(我们始料不及);攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二forsale(出售);forrent(出租);inprint(在印刷中);insight(在视野范围内);onsale(出售);onshow(展出);ontrial(受审);outofcontrol(控制不了);outofsight(超出视线之外);outofone’sreach(够不着);outoffashion(不流行)。攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二Therumorisbeyondbelief(=can’tbebelieved).Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.(=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough.)Todaysometreasuresareonshow(=arebeingshown)inthemuseum.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二9.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit,have,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。E.g.Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)二高考动词语态主要考点是什么?方法列举(Listmethods)三方法列举(Listmethods)三1.在语境中考查被动语态的用法方法列举(Listmethods)三2.利用汉语干扰考查被动语态方法列举(Listmethods)三3.综合考查被动语态与时态方法列举(Listmethods)三4.综合考查被动语态与虚拟语气高考动词时态语态易错点有哪些?方法列举(Listmethods)三1.无时间状语的易错点易失分透析:由于高考考查动词的时态时往往不给出具体的时间状语,因此在解答动词的时态题时,考生要善于从上下文或者具体的语境中确定动作发生的时间,从而确定使用什么时态。方法列举(Listmethods)三---What’sthatterriblenoise?---Theneighbors___________foraparty.A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare方法列举(Listmethods)三2.易混时态的常错点Theoldmanwhointhedesertedhousealonefortenyearshasbeensettledinanursinghomenow.A.livedB.haslivedC.hasbeenl
本文标题:2012年高考英语动词的时态和语态(二)
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