虚拟语气

TheSubjunctivemood英语的语气分三大类：陈述语气：用来叙述一件事实。祈使语气：表达说话人的请求或命令。虚拟语气：表示说话人的愿望,假设,猜测或建议,而不是表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法:(一)用于条件状语从句1、真实条件句和虚拟条件句真实条件句：IfIhavetime,Ishall(will)gotoseeyou.Ifyoumove,I’llshootyou.虚拟条件句:IfIwereabird,Iwouldflythere.IfIwereastudent,Iwoulddoit.从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反If+主语+动词过去式（be动词一律用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语+would/should/could/might+have+过去分词动词的过去式或should/wereto+动词原形主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形2、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法eg.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.（1）当条件状语从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。(混合时间条件句)eg.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.注意（2）从句省略if,用倒装句式“were,had,should+主语”WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.注意(3)含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在介词短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。eg.Icouldnevergotocollegewithouthishelp.Butfor(要不是)yourhelp,weshouldhavefailed.Iwouldhavevisitedyoulastweek,butIwassobusy.(=IfIhadnotbeensobusy,…)注意(=Iftherewerenothishelp…)(=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp…)ButthatIsawit,Iwouldn’thavebelievedit.(=IfIhadn’tseenit…)Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavecome.(=IfIhadn’tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavecome.)(4)特殊结构的条件句Ifitwerenotfor…eg.Ifitwerenotforhishelp,Icouldnevergotocollege.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,weshouldhavefailed.“如果没有…”,表示同现在事实相反的假设Ifithadnotbeenfor…“如果当时没有”,与过去事实相反的假设注意(5)Ifonly…(“要是…多好呀”)引导的感叹句eg.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice!我要是听他的话就好了!IfonlyIhadwings!Ifonly+主语+过去完成（与过去相反）过去式（与现在或将来相反）注意(itwouldhavebeenbetter)(二）wish,wouldrather引导的宾语从句，asif/though引导的状语从句从句动词的虚拟语气形式1.wish引导的宾语从句2.asif/though引导的状语从句1.与现在事实相反：过去式（be多用were)2.与过去事实相反：had+过去分词3.与将来事实相反：would/could/might+动词原形wouldrather引导的宾语从句1.与现在/将来事实相反：过去式（be多用were)2.与过去事实相反：had+过去分词Iwisheveryonewereactiveinthelesson.IwishIhaddonebetterinthemid-termexam.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.注：asif/though表示“有可能实现的事实”时，从句用陈述语气。Itissocloudy.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Iwouldrathergotherebymyself.Iwouldratheryoucamenow.Iwouldratheryouhadn’tleftyesterday.(三)几种常用虚拟语气的句型:句型动词的虚拟语气形式1.动词+宾语从句一个坚持:insist坚持(应该/做…)两个命令:order,command三个建议:suggest,propose,advise四个要求:desire,demand,ask,require宾语从句中用(should)+动词原形2.与上述动词相对应的名词如：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等后接的表语从句/同位语从句。表语从句,同位语从句中用(should)+动词原形(三)几种常用虚拟语气的句型:句型动词的虚拟语气形式3.Itis/was+上述动词的过去分词(suggested,demanded等）+that主语从句主语从句中用(should)+动词原形主语从句中用(should)+动词原形4.Itis/was+adj./n.如：important,necessary,natural,possible,strange,apity/ashame,nowonder,desirable注意:insist作“坚持认为”，“坚持说”解，suggest表示“表明”，“暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.（四）Itistimethat…句式的虚拟语气形式句型谓语动词的虚拟语气形式Itis(high)time(that)…动词过去式（be多用were）或should+动词原形(不能省)It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.went（五）虚拟语气在简单句中的应用1）表示说话人谦虚，客气，使语气委婉。Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuplate.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?2)用于一些习惯表达法中。Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed!1.IfI___you,Iwouldtryagain.A.amB.wasC.wereD.be2.___,allthestudentswouldhear.A.IftheteacherhadspokenlouderB.IftheteacherwillspeaklouderC.HadtheteacherspokenlouderD.Iftheteacherspokelouder3.___yourletter,Iwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.A.IfIreceivedB.ShouldIreceivedC.HadIreceivedD.IfIcouldhavereceivedCDC4.Ifshehadworkedharder,she___.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded5.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he___mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhavepreventedCA6.Ifyou___atschool,you___acollegestudentnow.A.hadstudiedhard;wouldhavebeenB.shouldhavestudiedhard;shouldhavebeenC.hadstudiedhard;wouldbeD.wouldstudyhard;musthavebeenC7.Whatshouldwedoifit___tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnowA1如果我有时间，我肯定跟你去看电影。2如果他昨天知道你的地址，他会拜访你的。3如果明天下雨的话，我就呆在家里。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgotothecinemawithyou.Ifhehadknownyouraddressyesterday,hewouldhavedroppedinonyou.Ifitweretorain/Ifitshouldrain/Ifitrainedtomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.4明天我要是有时间，我就去看他。(倒装)5如果你没有努力学习,你不会取得如此大的进步.6如果我早上带了伞,现在就不会被淋湿了.WereItohavetimetomorrow/ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldvisithim.Ifyouhadn’tworkedhard,youwouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.IfIhadtakenanumbrellainthemorning,Iwouldn’tbewetnow.