初中英语现在完成时讲解及练习

第二讲Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.HeisinAustralia.Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.Timisanengineer.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.excitinga.令人兴奋的,使人激动的receivev.接受，收到firmn.商行，公司differentadj.不同的centren.中心abroadadv.在国外,在海外的，在国外的现在完成时一、概念现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。二、标志现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等。三、结构主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定式:主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他疑问式:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)PS:（1）英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。延续性动词：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay非延续性动词：open,die,close,begin(start),finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave→beawayborrow→keepbuy→havebegin/start→beondie→bedeadfinish／end／stop→beoveropen/close→keepsthopen/closed；join→bein+组织机构或beamemberof+组织机构fallill→beillgetup→beupcome/go/fall→bebecome→beleave→beawayfromgo(get)out→beout；puton→wearmarry→bemarriedwakeup→beawakeexample:Theoldmandied4yearsago.→Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.→Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.→Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied（2）动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式练习：1)我已经完成了家庭作业→翻译：→否定：→疑问2)她住在合肥已经很多年了→翻译：→否定：→疑问四、巩固练习一、单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey____whathashappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、-Ourcountry____alotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan_____already_____inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We_____XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、-ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.-Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、-______you___yourhomeworkyet?-Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish二、句型转换1、Theoldman______lastyear.He________________forayear.(die)（动词填空）2、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.3、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.4、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.